因應高齡化生活之空間設計與研究-以透天住宅空間設計為例
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2011
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在台灣,因為出生率的逐年下降,導致家庭結構的改變,須獨立生活靠自己養老的老年人口比率,則是逐年增長。而且由於科技醫療進步,延長人類的壽命,也改變了各種疾病型態,許多慢性病、憂鬱症等身體機能失能而需要照顧的老年人口大幅增加。本研究發現,高齡化現象已是未來極需解決的問題之一,高齡化問題不僅對老年人帶來影響,對政府財經更是一大挑戰。所謂「高齡化社會(Ageing Society)」,是指一個國家內65歲以上的人口,佔總人口比例7%以上,我國從1993年9月起,即進入高齡化社會,截至2008年底,65歲以上者240萬2,220人,占總人口數10.43%。根據行政院經建會推估,我國於2018年,老人人口比例將超過14%,進入「高齡社會(Aged Society)」;至2026年老人
人口比例超過20%,達到「超高齡社會(Super Aged Society)」( 內政部,人口政策白皮書,2008,p18 )。人口結構快速的老化業已嚴重衝擊我國的社會與經濟。
人口高齡化之結果、深深影響到未來建築與室內設計,所以建構出高齡者使用甚至「終生住宅」之建築與室內使用空間實為當務之急。有鑑於國內有關高齡者使用之空間規劃論文及報告甚多,有關永續建築以及綠建築談論的相關報告也不勝枚舉、但是一棟住宅建築物之規劃設計產生及室內設計,是否需要對高齡者整體考量,相關整合設計甚少研究討論,於實務上也很少有相關整合設計之實踐作品呈現,實在令筆者感到憂心。
本論文為創作表現之論述,根據創作研究主題創作出符合高齡生活者使用之透天住宅空間設計之創作作品,本研究即以探討相關文獻研究,配合以實際空間規劃互相映証,針對老人居住問題及其空間因應策略,整理出高齡化住宅規劃設計原則,並以筆者即將要為業主規劃興建之台南永康透天住宅型態為例,創作一新建高齡化獨棟住宅的建築物與室內空間規畫設計,並且融入永續建築以及綠建築、綠建材之多方概念與理論相互整合運用,進而建構除了能滿足高齡居住者生活階段需求也能滿足其他年齡層的透天住宅,不論是創作中之過程、理念與運用;能成為高齡者居住之室內空間參考模式,並期望本研究之成效與結果,能提供予欲興建高齡者使用之建築設計以及室內設計、空間設計者有所參考,進而對台灣目前欲設計高齡者使用之建築與空間以及室內設計有所參考與幫助。
Recently years in Taiwan, due to the declining birth rate, there has been a great change in the family structure. The ratio of the elderly population living on their own has grown over the years. Moreover, the advancement of the medical technology has helped to extend human lives thus cost a significant increase of the physically and mentally disable elderly population. The study found that the aging phenomenon has not only influence the lives of the senior citizen but also brought a great challenge on Government Finance and is indeed a serious problem to be deal with in the near future. The so-called “aging society”, refers to a country’s population over the age of 65 which account for more than 7% of the total population. In Taiwan, we have already entered the aging society since September 1993 and as of 2008, the percentage of the population over 65 has reached 10.43%. According to the Council for Economic Planning’s estimation, the percentage will exceed 14% by 2018 and by 2026, the percentage will likely to reach 20%, thus, we will then be enter the “super-aged society”. (Ministry of the Interior, the population policy white paper, 2008, p. 18) As a result of the aging population, there is a profound impact on future architecture and interior design; moreover, there is an urgent need to build houses that are suitable for the senior citizens. Past studies on sustainable architecture, green building and domestic space planning for senior citizens are numerous but very little has been done on planning and design of residential buildings and interior design in consideration with the aging problem which worries the author. This paper discusses the performance of the creation, base on the research topic, the author wishes to create housing that’s suitable for the aging life. This research explore the relevant literature search, setting out the principals of aging residential planning and design, in line with the actual spatial planning, with the example of a project the author will be undergo. The project will compose the aging interior space planning and design, as well, integrate the sustainable architecture and green building concept in order to build houses that will satisfy the needs of elderly residents and in the same time, be acceptable by other age group. Hoping this project and study will serve as a model for future constructions of aging home.
Recently years in Taiwan, due to the declining birth rate, there has been a great change in the family structure. The ratio of the elderly population living on their own has grown over the years. Moreover, the advancement of the medical technology has helped to extend human lives thus cost a significant increase of the physically and mentally disable elderly population. The study found that the aging phenomenon has not only influence the lives of the senior citizen but also brought a great challenge on Government Finance and is indeed a serious problem to be deal with in the near future. The so-called “aging society”, refers to a country’s population over the age of 65 which account for more than 7% of the total population. In Taiwan, we have already entered the aging society since September 1993 and as of 2008, the percentage of the population over 65 has reached 10.43%. According to the Council for Economic Planning’s estimation, the percentage will exceed 14% by 2018 and by 2026, the percentage will likely to reach 20%, thus, we will then be enter the “super-aged society”. (Ministry of the Interior, the population policy white paper, 2008, p. 18) As a result of the aging population, there is a profound impact on future architecture and interior design; moreover, there is an urgent need to build houses that are suitable for the senior citizens. Past studies on sustainable architecture, green building and domestic space planning for senior citizens are numerous but very little has been done on planning and design of residential buildings and interior design in consideration with the aging problem which worries the author. This paper discusses the performance of the creation, base on the research topic, the author wishes to create housing that’s suitable for the aging life. This research explore the relevant literature search, setting out the principals of aging residential planning and design, in line with the actual spatial planning, with the example of a project the author will be undergo. The project will compose the aging interior space planning and design, as well, integrate the sustainable architecture and green building concept in order to build houses that will satisfy the needs of elderly residents and in the same time, be acceptable by other age group. Hoping this project and study will serve as a model for future constructions of aging home.
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高齡化生活, 室內空間設計, 無障礙空間, 永續建築, 綠建築, Aging Life, Interior Design, Barrier-free Space, Sustainable Construction, Green Building