內湖科技園區上班族之午餐飲食選擇與飲食環境探討

Abstract

外食是現代生活中很普遍的一件事情，尤其對忙碌的上班族而言更是如此。對食物的選擇除了受到個人背景因素影響，環境也在很大程度上限制人們的飲食選擇。本研究以食物環境的概念框架（Turner et al., 2018）為基礎，並以高科技產業背景、具有17萬工作人口的內湖科技園區作為研究地點，探討園區上班族的午餐飲食環境、進行午餐選擇時的重要因素，以及他們針對當地飲食環境與限制採取哪些調適行為。 本研究透過實地觀察法、問卷調查法與深度訪談法進行資料蒐集，以食物選擇問卷（Steptoe et al., 1995；Lindeman& Väänänen, 2000）和5A原則（李崇恩，2023）為主軸，納入本研究新增的「環境文化因素」進行設計。共回收421份有效問卷，經由敘述性統計、探索性因素分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析進行資料分析，以半結構式深度訪談了解內科上班族實際在午餐獲取時的困難與感受。 研究結果發現，影響內科上班族午餐選擇的因素可歸納出六個構面，最重要的是價格與便利性，最不重要的是道德福祉。而新增的環境文化構面提升了問卷信度，且其對於內科上班族午餐選擇的影響確實存在，未來針對工作族群的研究可參考納入此面向之題項。內湖科技園區因住辦分離讓飲食需求集中在平日中午，且因區內固定的餐飲店家不多，因此中午時段會有許多移動攤商與餐車進駐補足供給的缺口，更有地區型訂餐平台的出現，為內科上班族提供更便利多元的餐食服務。受訪者對飲食環境的5A感受評分中，可及性的得分最高，顯示攤商與餐車的加入讓內湖科技園區午餐時段並未因可及性低落而形成食物沙漠。但流動型商家集中於中午特定時段出現，亦顯示出中午較晚出門購餐的上班族可能會面臨更多午餐選擇問題。 目前內科除了購買午餐的地點分布不均勻、飲食環境適宜性有待加強外，排隊等電梯、工作占用、時間限制、衛生疑慮、吃膩是影響內科上班族午餐選擇較重要的原因，從健康與衛生的角度來看其實仍有食物沙漠的隱憂。本研究對內科廠商、餐飲商家及政府單位提出改善建議，研究結果可供相關單位參考及進行後續學術利用。

Eating out is a prevalent thing in modern life, especially for the office workers. Not only personal characteristics factors, but also environmental factors constrain and affect our food choices. This research is based on the food environment conceptual framework (Turner et al., 2018), and Neihu Technology Park is selected as the research case, which is a high-tech industrial park and its working population over 170,000. This research is aimed to explore the lunch choice of office workers and their perceived food environment in the Park, and to explore their adaptation behaviors in response to the environment restrictions. This research adopts field research, questionnaire survey, and in-depth interview. The questionnaire design is based on the food choice questionnaire (Steptoe et al., 1995; Lindeman& Väänänen, 2000) and the 5A principles (Li, 2023), and incorporates the "environmental cultural aspect", which is created in this study. A total of 421 valid questionnaires were collected, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, independent sample t test, and one-way ANOVA. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to understand the actual difficulties and feelings of office workers in their lunch choice. This study found that the factors that influence office workers' lunch choices can be summarized into six aspects. The most important is “price and convenience” aspect, and the least important is “moral well-being” aspect. The newly created “environmental culture” aspect improves the reliability of the questionnaire, and it impacts on the lunch choices of office workers in Neihu Technology Park significantly. This new “environmental culture” aspect is suggested to be referred in the future research. Due to the separation of housing and offices in Neihu Technology Park, the demand for food is concentrated at noon on weekdays. In fact, there are not many fixed restaurants in the area and the supply capacity is insufficient during the busy lunch hour. A lot of mobile vendors and food trucks appear and increase the supply capacity during the busy lunch hour. In addition, there are also regional food ordering platforms, which can provide more convenient and diverse meal services for office workers in this area. Among the respondents' opinions about the food environment (5A), the “accessibility” scored the highest, which indicates that the lunch supply from vendors and food trucks has prevented the Neihu Technology Park from turning into a “food desert” area. However, the large number of mobile merchants also indicates that office workers who miss the busy lunch hour may face obstacles to obtain lunch meals. According to the findings of this study, the uneven distribution of places to get lunch in the Neihu Technology Park should be improved, and the appropriateness of the food environment, queuing for the elevator, work occupation, time constraints, hygiene concerns, and cloyed with food are also need to be taken into consideration. From a health and hygiene perspective, there are still hidden concerns about food deserts. Future improvement suggestions for manufacturers, catering businesses and government agencies are proposed in this research finally.