大雅忠義眷村邊陲化之生產

Abstract

眷村是時間的洪流、歷史的共業下所產生的特殊空間。國民政府撤退來台的背景下，大批國軍軍眷也隨之來台。大批軍眷的臨時居住空間多為克難房舍、邊陲土地等，由於經濟快速成長及都市化之結果，原本位於都市邊緣地區的老舊眷村現多發展成為市中心。為了進一步更新老舊眷舍改善市容景觀以建全都市發展，行政院通過「國軍老舊眷舍改建條例」讓眷村空間景觀產生改變，而全台的眷村就隨著這一波波的眷村改建，從原本水平的房舍空間變成垂直的國宅建築。眷村改建至今大部分的眷村已經改建、獲得新生；但是大雅忠義眷村卻被遺留下來。

忠義眷村內低矮的房舍、基礎設施薄弱、居住人口相對文化弱勢等，呈現出邊陲的社會空間。因此本論文利用列斐伏爾空間生產的三元辯證，分析忠義眷村邊陲化的空間生產，再利用紀登斯結構化理論中結構與能動者的二元性去探討忠義眷村空間生產過程中，有哪些結構力量和能動者的交互作用與影響。最後本論文回應王志弘(2009)提出列斐伏爾空間實踐中被忽略的能動因素之論述，以說明指出列斐伏爾與紀登斯的應用與對話，可對空間變遷的結構與能動性有較具體的認識。

本文發現眷村內大範圍軍用地、機場禁限建規定、眷村居民的文化弱勢和眷村外臺中市都市計畫的擴張等因素皆是讓忠義眷村逐漸變成邊陲空間；而面對這樣邊陲空間，當地居民提出基本生存空間權利及眷村文化保存兩大訴求回應和抵抗空間再現。在結構不斷地轉變中，空間實踐、空間再現、再現空間彼此交互作用及互動下，形成大雅忠義眷村特殊的社會空間。Military community is a special space and place shaped by Taiwan’s military history, social identity and social context. Due to the retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan, a large number of army soldiers was brought to Taiwan. Many military dependents temporarily lived in rough and substandard premises, usually at the marginal land of the city or in the country side. As a result of rapid economic growth and urbanization, the old urban fringe areas of the military community have become valuable cores. In order to improve housing situation and to upkeep cityscape, the Executive Yuan’s plan for "rebuilding old army housing regulation" allows the military community housing to be transformed and rebuilt into public housing. As most military community housing was rebuilt for the people to enjoy better housing condition, the zhong-yi military community was left untouched and kept at a shabby housing standard.

The substandard houses and poor infrastructure, combined with the marginal population of the Zhong-yi community, demonstrate the marginality of this place. Therefore, this paper uses Lefebvre’s concept of production of space to analysis the marginality of Zhong-yi military community. Further, this study also adopts Giddens’ structuration theory to explore the interaction between structural force and agency in the community. Finally, this paper discusses and elaborates the long missing concept of agency in spatial practice as Wang (2009) has also identified.

The marginality of the Zhong-yi community has been defined largely by huge undeveloped military land, regulations of construction restriction, and the so-called urban underclass in the military community. In responding to an undesirable stigma, the local residents try to raise the awareness for basic human rights for housing and cultural preservation for military compounds. With forces at work from both the structure and the agents, the Zhong-yi community, as a space and place, has been both representing and being represented.