服務學習在國中童軍社團推動與學生學習效果之研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在結合服務學習與童軍教育，並探究服務學習在國中童軍社團推動與學生學習效果之影響。採準實驗研究與質性資料分析進行，以探討服務學習理念並發展一服務學習方案，並探究服務學習對國中童軍社團學生之學習效果，同時瞭解社區參與服務學習之回饋與反應，以及服務學習方案設計與推動過程之問題。

本研究依據相關文獻設計有效服務學習實驗方案，以研究者自編之「國中童軍社團學生服務學習效果量表」，作為量性研究工具，並以學生記錄之服務日誌、綜合反思回饋表、服務社區之回饋表，以及研究者自身之反思做質性資料之分析。以台北縣自強國民中學91學年度參加童軍社團學生為研究對象，依個人意願分為參與服務學習實驗方案活動之服務組與不參與之對照組，兩組於服務前後進行前後測，測驗其於服務知能、童軍知能、自我效能、人際包容與多元尊重、社會關懷五方面之改變，並以質性資料作為推動過程及學習效果分析之輔助。

本研究之主要發現如下： 一、 服務學習對國中童軍社團學生學習效果之影響效果 量化測驗部分，服務學習對增進國中童軍社團學生之「童軍知能」、「服務知能」、「自我效能」、「人際尊重與多元包容」、「社會關懷」並無達統計上之顯著，但於成員自陳回饋之質性資料部分發現：1.成員表示增進許多自身之學習，如童軍技能、溝通協調、自信等，並增加對他人的包容，學會感恩。 2.於服務中會產生挫折與掙扎，但對服務的期待反而使其更有責任感，並產生快樂及充實等成就。3.服務學習讓成員與社區居民互動並拉近距離，從中互相學習且互惠，並發現社區問題。 二、 社區成員之回饋分析 服務學習活動對社區有幫助且符合其所需，社區居民從中獲得技能、生活、情感等多方面之學習與成長，且對社區服務活動及參與學生之表現持肯定正面之態度。 三、服務方案推動者（研究者）的反思 本研究驗證服務學習相關理念，協助建立本土服務學習方案，並以童軍服務活動結合服務學習，為童軍運動之推展提供一新方向，研究者自身雖於過程中遭遇若干問題，但亦藉此更瞭解服務學習，並增進與社區及參與成員之瞭解與溝通，並從中獲得成長。

根據研究結果，本研究分別針對服務學習活動設計與帶領者、有關單位（包含學校、教育行政單位、童軍相關單位、及社區）、未來研究等方面提出多項具體建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of Service-Learning in junior-high scouting club and its effects on students’ learning. The study was conducted by both pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design and qualitative data analysis. A Scouting Service-Learning program was designed as an instrument. The subjects for this study were drawn from the scouting club members (students) in Taipei County Tzyh-Chang Junior High School and divided into two groups: the experimental group and the comparison group. The study employed “The Scale For Service-Learning of Junior-High Scouting Club Members (Students)” to test the students’ changes in knowledge and skills of community service, knowledge and skills of scouting, self-efficacy, interpersonal tolerance and multicultural respect, and social issue concerns. In addition, students’ written reflection, students’ service journals, the voice from the community, and the researchers’ reflection were also analyzed as qualitative data. The major findings from the study were as follows, which were categorized into three sections: 1. The learning effects of Service-Learning on junior-high scout club members: The results of this study showed no significant effects on knowledge and skills of community service, knowledge and skills of scouting, self-efficacy, interpersonal tolerance and multicultural respect, and social issue concerns. The scouting club members’ reflection and journals were analyzed qualitatively and found that the members learn greatly, including scouting skills, confidence, interpersonal tolerance, and abilities to communicate with others. 2. The voice from the community: Service-Learning was a helpful activity for the community. The habitants gained greatly in living skills and emotions. They held positive attitude toward community service and the students who took part in it. 3.The reflection of the implementer（the researcher）of Scouting Service-Learning program: Service-Learning-related concepts were proved and local Service-Learning programs were also built. This study also provided the implementation of scouting with a new direction, which combined scouting service activities with Service-Learning. The implementer also faced some problems in the process, such as communicating with the community, getting along with the members, etc. Base on the finding of the study, some of the suggestions for the practicing of the Service-Learning activities and the future researches were discussed.