台灣地區軍訓護理教師子宮頸抹片檢查與其相關因素研究

Abstract

摘 要 本研究目的在了解台灣地區軍訓護理教師參與子宮頸抹片檢查之情形，並探討背景因素、健康信念、健康動機、行動線索與子宮頸抹片檢查的關係及子宮頸抹片檢查預測因子。 本研究以台灣地區94學年度第一學期任教於高中職、大專院校之所有軍護教師為研究母群，採系統隨機抽樣，以自編之結構式問卷收集資料，獲得有效問卷299份。以SPSS12.0套裝軟體程式進行統計分析處理。 研究結果發現如下： 一、研究對象自覺子宮頸惡性腫瘤罹患性、嚴重性均在中上程度；自覺子宮頸抹片檢查行動利益屬中上程度，行動障礙則屬中下程度；有高程度的健康動機。研究對象中65.4%自覺有婦科症狀；63.2%曾有親友提醒或鼓勵其接受抹片檢查；89.0%的親友曾接受抹片檢查；71.6%表示沒有親友曾罹患子宮頸惡性腫瘤；63.1%表示會受大眾傳播影響而接受抹片檢查。 二、91.3%認為自己需要接受子宮頸抹片檢查，且有92.0%曾接受檢查；84.4%在最近三年曾受檢；有57.1%每1-3年定期檢查一次；多數人以例行性檢查和認為健康很重要，而專誠接受子宮頸抹片檢查；84.9%表示未來三年會參與子宮頸抹片檢查。 三、研究對象最近三年除子宮頸抹片檢查外曾看婦科、過去抹片檢查結果曾有不正常、自覺子宮頸抹片檢查行動利益高、行動障礙低、健康動機高和平常自覺有婦科症狀者，較傾向會定期接受子宮頸抹片檢查。 四、自覺子宮頸抹片檢查行動障礙、教育程度、最近三年除抹片檢查外是否看婦科、婚姻狀況、重要他人是否曾罹患子宮頸惡性腫瘤、平常是否自覺有婦科症狀是主要預測子宮頸抹片檢查行為的因子，而其中以自覺子宮頸抹片檢查行動障礙對子宮頸抹片檢查行為之影響最大。 依研究發現對未來研究和國內推動子宮頸抹片檢查提出相關建議。

A Study of Attitudes towards Pap Smear Test and Their Contributing Factors among Military Trained Nursing Instructors in Taiwan

A Master Thesis by Fang-mei chang

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research study is to understand attitudes of military trained nursing educators in Taiwan towards Pap smear test. In order to accomplish this task, four categories of predictive factors related to taking Pap smear tests are analyzed: 1) individual background factors, 2) health beliefs, 3) health motivation, and 4) action clues to cervical smear tests.

The target population of this study was all military trained nursing educators, employed during the first semester of school year 2005 in high schools, vocational schools, colleges, and universities in Taiwan, and sampled systematically with a questionnaire. There were a total of 299 valid responses collected, and analyzed with statistical software SPSS version 12.0. The following are the findings of the study: 1) The participants had moderate to high awareness towards the severity and susceptibility of cervical cancer and the benefits of undergoing Pap smear tests. They also had high health motivation and low barriers to actual action (of having Pap smear tests). Of those questioned, 65.4% had related gynecological symptoms, 63.2% were once encouraged or reminded by relatives or friends to have Pap tests, 89.0% showed that they had family or relatives who have taken Pap smear tests, 71.6% indicated that they had no relatives or friends who had experienced cervical cancer, and 63.1% revealed that they would take Pap smear tests due to the influence of mass media. 2) Pap smear tests were considered necessary by 91.3% of the participants in this study, and of those questioned, 92.0% had taken Pap smear tests before. 84.4% had Pap tests in the last 3 years, and 57.1% had tested regularly every one to three years. Majority of the participants had Pap tests because they considered regular check-ups necessary for good health. 84.9% indicated that they would probably have further Pap tests in the next 3 years. 3) People who are more likely to regularly take Pap tests include those who: underwent general gynecological examinations during the last three years, had abnormal results from Pap smear tests in the past, had high health motivation and low barriers to actual action, and had self awareness of gynecological problems. 4) The most important predictive factor of people taking Pap smear tests are barriers to actual action. Other factors include level of education, frequency of undergoing general gynecological examinations during the last three years, marriage situation, occurrence of cervical cancer among close family members and friends.

Based on the findings, the present study proposed relevant suggestions for related future research and domestic promotion of Pap smear.