以計畫行為理論探討高中生性行為意向

Abstract

研究目的：台灣青少年性行為的發生率逐年上升，而初次性行為的年齡則有下降趨勢，帶來未成年懷孕、性傳染病及心理健康等多重風險。為此，亟需深入探討影響青少年性行為意向的關鍵因素，以提供實證支持，以設計出更符合現況的性教育課程。本研究旨在了解高中生性行為意向的現況與其影響因素，運用Ajzen 的計畫行為理論（Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB）為模型，探討性別、主要照顧者最高學歷、父母婚姻狀態、是否有過戀愛經驗、態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與行為意向之關係，並進一步分析性自主效能感與知覺能力之相關性。方法：本研究為橫斷面，立意取樣。以台北市、新北市五所高中職之二年級學生為研究對象，運用自編式結構問卷進行調查，共回收431份有效樣本。統計分析方法包括皮爾森積差相關、多元線性回歸、獨立樣本t檢定與結構方程模型，旨在驗證計畫行為理論模型中各變項對性行為意向的解釋力。結果：1. 研究對象中無行為意向（會發生性行為）的高中生比例在未來 3個月內和未來1年內分別為16.8%和22.9%，比例隨時間有所增加。2. 態度與主觀規範是影響性行為意向的主要因素，而知覺行為控制對行為意向的影響有限。3. 性自主效能感與知覺行為控制呈現正相關，且女性的性自主效能高於男性。4. 結構方程模型（SEM）分析結果經過新增「主觀規範→態度」與「主觀規範→知覺行為控制」的路徑後，模型適配度顯著提升，最終模型對高中生性行為意向的解釋力分別為 31%（未來 3 個月內）與 37.4%（未來 1 年）。結論與建議：本研究驗證了計畫行為理論（TPB）在預測高中生性行為意向上的適用性，並強調性自主效能在提升知覺行為控制上有關鍵作用。未來研究應納入實際行為的測量，深入探討行為意向與實際行為之間的關聯性，為性教育政策的優化提供實證支持。學校性教育應以價值澄清、情境模擬等教學方法，並強調生活技能的重要性，幫助學生建立健康的性價值觀，使其能正確行駛性自主權。Research Objective: The incidence of sexual behavior among Taiwanese adolescents has been increasing annually, while the age of first sexual intercourse has been decreasing. This trend has led to multiple risks, including teenage pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and mental health challenges. Therefore, it is essential to explore the key factors influencing adolescents' sexual behavior intentions to provide empirical evidence for designing sexual education curricula that are more aligned with current societal needs. This study aims to investigate the current status and influencing factors of high school students' sexual behavior intentions. Using Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the framework, this research examines the relationships among gender, primary caregivers' highest educational attainment, parental marital status, experience of romantic relationships, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions. Additionally, the study analyzes the correlation between sexual self-efficacy and perceived capability.Methods: This cross-sectional study employed purposive sampling. A total of 431 valid samples were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires from second-year students at five senior high schools in Taipei and New Taipei City. Data analysis included Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, independent sample t-tests, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to validate the explanatory power of the TPB model variables on sexual behavior intentions.Results: 1. The proportion of students without behavioral intentions (likely to engage in sexual activity) was 11.4% within the next three months and 15.1% within the next year, showing an increase over time.2. Attitudes and subjective norms were the primary factors influencing sexual behavior intentions, while perceived behavioral control had limited direct impact.3. Sexual self-efficacy is positively correlated with perceived behavioral control, and females demonstrate higher sexual self-efficacy than males.4. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that adding the pathways"subjective norms → attitudes" and "subjective norms → perceived behavioral control" significantly improved model fit. The final model explained 31% of the variance in sexual behavior intentions for the next three months and 37.4% for the next year. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study validated the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting sexual behavior intentions among high school students and highlighted the critical role of sexual self-efficacy in enhancingperceived behavioral control. Future research should incorporate the measurement of actual behaviors to further explore the relationship between behavioral intentions and actual behaviors, thereby providing empirical support for the optimization of sex education policies. School-based sex education should adopt teaching methods such as value clarification and scenario simulations, while emphasizing the importance of life skills. These approaches can help students develop healthy sexual values and exercise their sexual autonomy appropriately.