社會工作者親職化經驗、共依附特質與工作同盟關係之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在檢驗社會工作者的親職化經驗、共依附特質與工作同盟之間的關聯性。採用問卷調查法，研究工具包含「親職化量表」、「共依附量表」與「工作同盟量表」，分層抽樣全臺灣公私部門的社會福利服務組織的現職社會工作者，實際回收有效問卷共286份，並以描述統計、t檢定、皮爾森積差相關分析、單因子變異數分析、階層迴歸分析之統計方法進行資料分析。本研究之主要發現如下： 一、社會工作者的親職化經驗和共依附特質表現均略低於中等程度，僅工作同盟表現高於中等程度。 二、社會工作者年齡在46歲以上工作同盟表現高於25歲以下者；婚姻狀況為離異的社會工作者工作同盟表現高於未婚與已婚者；在老人領域服務的社會工作者工作同盟表現高於兒少婦家領域者；服務年資滿9年以上的社會工作者工作同盟表現高於年資未滿3年者。 三、社會工作者的親職化經驗程度越高，共依附特質程度越高。 四、社會工作者的親職化經驗中「不公平性」程度越高，工作同盟整體表現、「目標共識」和「任務共識」表現程度均會越低。 五、社會工作者共依附特質程度越高，整體工作同盟程度越低。「以他人為焦點」和「透過關係獲得意義感」程度越高，工作同盟各分量表程度越低。 六、共依附特質中「以他人為焦點」對於工作同盟整體表現和所有分量表表現應具有預測力；「以他人為焦點」會負面影響工作同盟整體和分層面表現。 根據以上研究結果，本研究提出對實務層面及未來研究的建議，期使社會工作者親職化經驗、共依附特質與工作同盟受到重視，強化其自我覺察與照顧，進而降低負面影響。

This study aims to examine the correlations among social workers' parentification, codependency, and working alliance. In this study, with the research instruments of “Parentification Questionnaire,” “The Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale,” and “Working Alliance Inventory,” the questionnaire survey method was adopted to conduct a stratified sampling of social workers currently serving in public and private social welfare organizations in Taiwan. A total of 286 valid questionnaires were returned, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), and hierarchical regression analysis. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1.Social workers' performance in parentification and codependency is slightly below the medium level, only the performance in working alliance is above the medium level. 2.In terms of the performance in working alliance, social workers aged 46 or above are higher than those aged 25 or below. Social workers whose marital status is divorced have higher performance in working alliance than those who are unmarried or married. The performance in working alliance of social workers serving in the field of the elderly is higher than that of social workers serving in the field of child, adolescent and family. The performance in working alliance of social workers with more than 9 years of service is higher than that of those with less than 3 years of service.3.The higher the level of social workers' parentification, the higher the level of codependency. 4.The higher the level of “unfairness” in the social workers' parentification, the lower the overall performance of the social workers' working alliance, as well as the levels of “goal consensus” and “task consensus”. 5.The higher the level of codependency of social workers, the lower the level of overall working alliance. The higher the level of “focusing on others” and “gaining a sense of meaning through relationships”, the lower the level of each of the working alliance subscales.6.The codependency “focusing on others” should be predictive of the overall performance of the working alliance and all subscales; “focusing on others” will negatively affect the overall and subscale performance of the working alliance.Based on the above findings, this study proposes recommendations for practice and future research, in the hope that social workers' parentification, codependency, and working alliance can be valued and their self-awareness and care can be strengthened, thus reducing the negative impacts.