台灣精神衛生法制之研究

Abstract

2001年世界衛生組織正式對全球公告，認為精神疾病是全球普遍性、真實性可被診斷、可以預防與治療，而精神障礙者是造成家屬及社區負擔的主要來源，目前各國最迫切的需求，是發展國家心理衛生政策，研擬解決心理問題的方案，促進國人心理健康及消除心理障礙。因此，本研究旨在探求台灣精神衛生法制變遷與政策執行成效，針對精神衛生現況問題，瞭解我國目前精神衛生政策之轉變，並參酌其他國家精神衛生制度，以作為我國相關法制修訂及政策執行參考之借鏡。 經就「精神醫療之發展趨勢與問題」「台灣精神衛生法制變遷及其內涵」「台灣、英國及日本精神衛生法制比較」「台灣現行精神衛生相關問題」「台灣精神衛生法制之建構」等面向分析，本研究發現：（一）國民對自我心理衛生照護模式仍未建立。（二）精神醫療資源失衡及服務體系轉介未臻落實。（三）缺乏其他先進國家比較研究之實證資料。（四）污名化問題仍然嚴重。（五）病人及家屬對醫療資訊的缺乏。 長久以來政府對於精神病患問題之解決方式，大都偏重臨床上症狀治療，而較忽略病患照護及工作需求，因此，我國政府有必要建立一套完整的精神衛生醫療及照護體系，給患者有尊嚴的生活，並減輕家屬負擔，最後根據研究，歸納出以下建議：（一）因應精神衛生法公布，強化精神醫療照護體系。（二）持續而有計畫消弭污名化的問題。（三）強化經濟安全之保護機制。（四）積極研修精神衛生法相關法規。（五）有效提升機構照護品質。In the year 2001, psychiatric disease was stated by World Health Organization（WHO）as globally common, diagnosable, preventable and curable, still families and communities were burdened with mental impairments. At present, the most urgent need for every country is to develop national mental health policies, work on solutions to mental problems and promote mental health of citizens and eliminate their mental barriers. Those considered, this study aimed to explore the changes of (1) Taiwan mental health legal system, (2) mental health policies and the effects of the policy implementation. This study too analyzed mental health legal systems of other countries and from that tried to conclude what we can learn from them. Analyzed respectively from ‘trends and problems of the development of psychiatric health care’, ‘changes and implications of Taiwan mental health legal system’, ‘comparison of mental health legal systems in Taiwan, Britain and Japan’, ‘present relevant problems to Taiwan mental health care’ and ‘the establishment of Taiwan mental health legal system’, this study found: (1) Citizens’ self mental health care model weren’t yet established. (2) The psychiatric health care resources were distributed with bias and referral service system did not work fully. (3) We were lacking in comparative studies to other advanced countries. (4) We still faced serious problems of stigmatization. (5) Patients and their families were relatively ignorant of information concerning health care. For a long time, our government emphasized clinic symptoms treatment to such a degree that patients’ needs for care and work were neglected. To provide lives with dignity for patients and to ease their families’ burden, it is necessary for our government to establish a sound mental health care system. On the basis of the findings of this study, the following suggestions are proposed to the authorities. (1) Improve the mental health care system. (2) Eliminate stigmatization with continuity and plan. (3) Enhance the protection mechanism for economic safety. (4) Amend regulations which are relevant to Mental Health Act. (5) Boost the quality of care institutes effectively.