從家庭廚房到公共空間：在台印尼穆斯林家務勞動員的清真飲食/實踐

Abstract

本研究調查了在台灣與雇主或老年人一起工作和生活的印尼穆斯林家務勞動員如何滿足他們的清真飲食需求。儘管印尼工人在台灣家務勞動產業中存在数量龐大，但相關主题的學術探索仍然有限。本研究的主要目標是研究這些工人如何在台灣這個非穆斯林國家的不規律工作時間和有限休假中满足他們的清真飲食需求。為了回答本研究中的問题，研究者参考了邊界工作的概念，重点關注家庭工作場所和公共空間中的協商。本研究採用質性研究方法，通過深入訪談在台北工作和居住在雇主家中或在照料的老年人家中的五名家務勞動元獲得主要數據。研究發現，負責廚房工作的家務勞動擁有在厨房中區分清真和非清真食品的特權。台灣的一些雇主已經開始理解並尊重家務勞動員的清真食品要求，尤其是不吃猪肉的禁令。然而，現實情況是由於台灣的非穆斯林背景，家務勞動員仍然可能需要烹飪猪肉。在這種情况下，相互尊重成為家務勞動採用的一種協商方式。儘管一些工人努力確保他們的餐食是清真的，但挑戰在於確保食物的純淨性，因為可能存在来自非清真烹飪器具的污染。此外，家務勞動員在休息或休假期間通常有限的離開住所時間，並經常光顧提供熟悉食物和與印尼同胞見面機會的印尼商店或餐館。然而，一些工人選擇在休假期間光顧台北的清真餐館，顯示出不同的偏好。此外，當在非印尼商店購物時，工人利用移動應用程式APP来對應在外國語言障礙。This study investigates how Indonesian Muslim domestic workers who work and live with employers or elderly persons in Taiwan fulfill their halal food practices. The study addresses the limited academic exploration of this topic despite the significant presence of Indonesian workers in Taiwan’s domestic sector. The primary objective is to examine how these workers navigate their halal food needs while working in Taiwan as a non-Muslim country, with their irregular schedules and limited day off. To answer the problem in this study, the researcher refers to the concept of boundary work which focused on negotiation in the domestic workplace and public space. A qualitative approach adopting the fieldwork method was used in this study, where the primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five domestic workers who worked and lived in their employer's house or in the house of the elderly person under their care, and located in Taipei. The study reveals that domestic workers entrusted with kitchen duties have the privilege of distinguishing halal and haram food in the kitchen. Some employers in Taiwan have started to understand and respect the halal food requirements of their domestic workers, particularly the prohibition of consuming pork. However, the reality remains that domestic workers may still have to cook pork due to the non-Muslimcontext of Taiwan. In such cases, mutual respect becomes a negotiation employed by domestic workers. Although some workers strive to ensure their meals are halal, the challenge lies in ensuring the purity of the food due to potential contamination from non-halal cooking utensils. Additionally, domestic workers are often given limited time to leave their residences during breaks or on their days off, and they frequently visit Indonesian stores or restaurants that offer familiar food and opportunities to meet fellow Indonesians. However, some workers choose to visit halal restaurants in Taipei on their days off, indicating a diversity of preferences. Furthermore, when shopping at locations other than Indonesian stores, workers utilize mobile applications to navigate language barriers in a foreign country.