不同係數防曬品對最大攝氧量測驗與皮膚生理及防曬效果之研究

Abstract

臺灣南部大專男性學生約90%在陽光下運動並未擦拭任何防曬品(SS)，另外約有35%的人認為擦拭SS會影響運動表現或皮膚品質。所以本研究的目的是比較一般人在擦拭或未擦拭不同防曬係數(SPF)的SS後，在靜坐或做最大攝氧量測驗(VT)至衰竭後，其背後對稱部位皮膚生理的品質與曬後紅斑量之差異，以及探討一般人擦拭SPF15、SPF90的SS、安慰劑(P)或未擦拭任何物品(N)「以下簡稱為四種擦劑」，並在紫外線燈下做VT至衰竭，其VO2max與前測變化之差異。本研究選取96位皮膚型態III或IV台灣南部大學男學生(年齡平均為20±1.9歲)作為實驗對象。其中36位受試者先分成6組，每組的背部兩側(每側各有2公分平方的7個洞)，各足量擦拭這四種擦劑的兩種。並在每秒鐘0.08百焦耳/平方公尺的紫外線B燈照射下靜坐十分鐘後，測試其背部對稱部位的曬後紅斑量(E)、皮膚含水量(SWC)、排汗量(SSR)、水份蒸發量(TEWL)、皮膚老化(SA)與皮膚彈性(SE)後，所得資料以相依樣本t考驗進行分析。另外選擇36位受試者再分成另外6組(分組方法與上述相同)，並在每秒鐘0.08百焦耳/平方公尺的紫外線B燈照射下做VT至衰竭後，測試其背部對稱部位的E、SWC、SSR、TEWL、SA與SE變化之差異，所得資料以相依樣本t考驗進行分析。剩下24位受試者，只穿著背心，先做VT後，在二星期後隨機分成四組，每組全身皮膚裸露部份，各足量擦拭四種擦劑的一種後，在每秒鐘0.08百焦耳/平方公尺的紫外線B燈照射下再做一次VT後，所得前後VO2max資料，以獨立樣本單因子共變數進行分析。統計結果顯示曝曬在紫外線下不論靜坐或做最大攝氧量測驗至衰竭，在防曬效果方面，擦拭SPF90的SS比擦拭SPF15的SS、或擦拭P或N有顯著的差異。擦拭SPF15的SS比擦拭P或N有顯著的差異。擦拭P與N沒有顯著的差異。但在皮膚生理與最大攝氧量方面，不論擦拭SPF15、SPF90的SS，或擦拭P，或N皆沒有顯著的差異。所以短時間曝曬在紫外線下靜坐與做VT後，不論擦拭或未擦拭SS，皆不會影響E、SWC、SSR、TEWL、SA與SE等皮膚生理品質，但使用SPF較高的SS，其防曬效果較佳。另外在做VT時，也不會因為SS的擦拭，而影響其皮膚生理，或進一步影響VO2max的表現。

Ninety percent of south Taiwan male students didn’t apply sunscreen (SS) when exercising in the sun. Besides, thirty-five percent of them think that apply SS would interfere their exercise performance and reduce skin qualities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the differences of selected skin qualities and erythema among subjects with or without SS while sit still or trying maximal oxygen uptake test (VT) under ultraviolet B (UVB) light. The differences of VO2max among subjects with sun protection factor (SPF) 15, SPF90, placebo (P), or nothing (N) （the four lotions） are also evaluated. Ninety-six skin type III or IV male students (age20±1.9 yr) were selected for the study. Thirty-six of them wearing the clothes with seven squares (2cm x 2cm ) holes on the back were divided into 6groups. Each subject in each group was applied two of the four lotions on either side of their backs while sitting still 10 minutes under 0.08mj/cm2 UVB. Then erythema (E), skin water conent (SWC), skin sweating rate (SSR), trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), skin aging (SA), and skin elasticity (SE) were tested on either side of the subjects’ backs. Dependent t-test is used to analyze acquired data. Another 36 subjects were also divided into 6 groups (the same as above) while trying VT under 0.08mj/cm2 UVB. Acquired data were analyzed by dependent t-test. Two weeks later the other 24 subjects trying VT with vest only again were divided into 4 groups. Each subject in each group was applied one of four lotions on the skin uncovered. All of them try VT under 0.08mj/cm2 UVB, and their VO2max data were recorded. ANCOVA is used to analyze acquired data. Statistical results reveal that no matter sitting still or trying VT, there is significant difference in E between subjects applied SPF 90 SS and subjects applied SPF 15 SS、P or N. It also makes difference in E to apply SPF15 SS or apply P on subjects. Applying SPF15 SS or applying N on subjects as well results in different E. Besides, no significant difference in E has been found between subjects applied P and subjects applied N. Moreover, there is no significant difference in SWC, SR, TEWL, SA, SE, and VO2max between subjects applied SPF90 SS, and subjects applied SPF15 SS、P or N. It is concluded that whether applying sunscreen or not would not make difference in skin physiological qualities no matter subjects on sitting still or trying VT under a short period of exposing to ultraviolet light. However, applying high SPF sunscreen could give the skin better protection.