分享經驗的雙面刃：關係類別對成敗經驗分享的影響

Abstract

溝通是日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，其重要性不言而喻，溝通促使人與人之間思想與感情的傳遞，使我們透過有效的溝通形塑出社群生活。就印象管理的觀點而言，向他人展現出自己成功的一面是人際溝通中一種常見的模式。然而，自我推銷悖論（The Self-Promoter's Paradox）認為當我們在溝通過程中策略性地展示自身優勢時，可能會被對方詮釋為吹牛，並且會損害溫暖感，更甚者可能會導致嫉妒，最終對人際關係產生負向的影響。本研究即針對自我揭露、隱藏訊息及文化與人際溝通相關的理論與實徵研究進行回顧，了解人們進行自我揭露的動機與目的、對個人心理狀態及關係帶來甚麼樣的影響。研究採情境實驗法，為3（關係類別：陌生、親近、競爭）× 4（分享情境：分享成功、隱藏成功、分享失敗、隱藏失敗）混合設計，透過操弄三種不同關係類別來觀察不同親近程度對於成敗經驗分享或隱藏產生之後續效應之影響。研究結果顯示，隱藏成功情境導致更多的負面情緒後果，如較低的親近度、較高的侮辱與生氣感，以及較低的共感程度，後續的互動意願也較低，反之分享失敗將得到較多的正面結果，並且此結果會因不同關係類別而有差異。另外本研究也發現文化差異，參與者對於對方隱藏訊息的家長式動機評估相對於過去研究相比分數較高。Communication is an indispensable part of our daily life. Its importance is self-evident. Communication facilitates the transmission of thoughts and feelings between people, allowing us to shape community life through effective communication. From the perspective of impression management, showing others your successful side is a common pattern in interpersonal communication. However, the Self-Promoter's Paradox states that when we strategically display our own advantages during communication, it may be interpreted by the other party as bragging, which will damage the sense of warmth and may even lead to jealousy, ultimately having a negative impact on interpersonal relationships. This study reviews theoretical and empirical research on self-disclosure, hiding information, culture, and interpersonal communication to understand people's motivations and purposes for self-disclosure and the impact it has on personal psychological state and relationships. The study adopted a situational experimental method, which was a 3 (relationship category: stranger, close, competitive) × 4 (sharing situations: sharing success, hiding success, sharing failure, hiding failure) mixed design. By manipulating three different relationship categories, the study observed the impact of different degrees of closeness on the subsequent effects of sharing or hiding success and failure experiences. The results show that hiding success situations leads to more negative emotional consequences, such as lower intimacy, higher levels of insult and anger, and lower levels of empathy, and lower willingness to interact later. Conversely, sharing failures will result in more positive results, and this result will vary depending on the type of relationship. In addition, this study also found cultural differences, with participants' assessment of the other party's paternalistic motives for hiding information being higher than in past studies.