探討社會性科學議題情境下不同探究教學法對學生決策能力之影響

Abstract

基於相關實徵研究的缺乏和自身的教學需求，歷來與決策能力有關的教學建議中，並無教學形式的相關著墨。因此，本研究擬探討結構式、引導式探究教學法在學生以新興科技資料重新評估地震避難所之社會性科學議題情境下，其決策能力（辨識兩難考量、形成判準、進行權衡、自評決策）發展之影響，還有介入後學生對於教學內容的觀感。因此，本研究採準實驗研究法，研究對象的總數有145位高一學生，扣除未完成所有研究工具者其有效人數為129位，參與結構式探究教學法（結構組）的學生有64位、引導式探究教學法（引導組）的學生有65位，正式教學介入的時間為120分鐘。資料收集的部分包含：學生的決策能力測驗（前測、後測）、學習單和回饋單。資料分析部分先以內容分析進行編碼，將學生的開放性答案轉化微量化資料，再使用無母數統計分析進行考驗。結果顯示：（一）整體而言，結構組、引導組學生在辨識兩難考量、形成判準、進行權衡，皆有顯著成長（結構組p<0.01、<0.001、<0.001；引導組p<0.05、<0.001、<0.001）。進一步探討不同決策能力者的進步情況發現，中、低決策能力者有明顯的進步情況，而且結構式探究教學法更適合低決策能力者發展決策能力；過度、低度自覺決策者，在兩種教學介入後也更能精準地評估自我的決策歷程。（二）學生認為教學介入中的決策學習活動其難易度為適中，所依據的理由包含資料分析的情況、理解學習內容的情況、文字表達的功力等。然後，學生認為學習單中不同教學指導語（步驟說明、引導問題）能幫助決策能力之學習，所依據的原因主要是這兩種指導語皆可以釐清思考的方向。基於上述實徵資料的分析結果，結構式、引導式探究教學法皆能提升學生辨識兩難考量、形成判準、進行權衡的表現，而結構式探究教學法又更適合低決策能力者發展決策能力。本研究期望能協助教師擬培養學生決策能力時，在社會性科學議題情境下，使用結構式、引導式探究教學法對於學生決策能力發展的情況，能有更具體的認識與建議。

Due to the demand from teaching experience and the lack of empirical support, this study examined the effect of structured inquiry instruction and guided inquiry instruction on students’ decision-making skills in socioscientific issues context. Therefore, the purpose here was to investigate how students identified dilemmas, formulated criteria, made trade-offs, and evaluated decisions before and after these two inquiry instruction. The study adopted quasi-experimental research design. A total of 145 tenth grade students participated in this study. Data sources included students’ artifacts – pretest, posttest, learning sheets, and feedbacks. Content analysis was adopted to analyze students’ decision-making skills with their pre-and-post tests, learning sheets. The results revealed that (1) all students in both structured-inquiry condition and guided-inquiry condition showed significant improvement in identifying dilemmas, formulating criteria, and making trade-offs. In addition, middle-level and low-level decision makers have made progress, and students who over-evaluated and low-evaluated the quality of their decisions have became good at evaluating their decision-making process as well. Moreover, low-level decision makers benefited more in structured-inquiry condition. (2) Based on students’ feedbacks, there were several reasons for how students felt about the degree of difficulty of the decision-making activity and the degree of usefulness of the instructional guidance. With these research findings, this study concluded that students’ decision-making skills of identifying dilemmas, formulating criteria, and making trade-offs improved during structured and guided inquiry instruction. Furthermore, this empirical study suggests that low-level decision makers will benefit more from structured inquiry instruction. Therefore, it is hoped that this study might contribute to the understanding of different inquiry instruction for teaching students decision making.