漢英語教科書科學理論及科學本質論述的語言分析與比較

Abstract

本研究旨在探討漢語教科書與英語教科書科學理論與科學本質論述的語言分析與比較。選取臺灣高中與IBDP物理教科書的運動學單元內文作為研究的標的文本，並以系統功能語言學之角度進行及物性、主述位、語態、時態、技術性建構、連接關係、蘊含序列與體裁分析，進一步得到漢語文本與英語文本傳達了怎麼樣的科學理論與科學本質。研究發現，漢語文本與英語文本在語言論述上存在差異。漢語文本的小句通常使用較多零代詞。此外，漢語文本出現了贅字、詞性轉換以及物理問題；而英語文本則有作者與閱讀者產生人稱關係混淆的情形。在科學本質的傳達上，漢語文本與英語文本多數具有相同的特徵，例如化繁為簡、解決問題、理性與客觀等，並分別能與臺灣以及IB教育體制所提到之科學本質特徵相互對應，且其所傳達之科學本質特徵亦與科學教育、科學哲學領域所討論之內容相關。This study aims to analyze and compare the discourse of scientific theories and nature of science in Mandarin and English textbooks. The contents of the kinematics unit in Taiwanese senior high school physics textbooks and International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) physics textbooks are selected. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), with a focus on transitivity, theme-rheme, voice, tense, technicality construction, conjunction relation, implication sequence and genre, in order to find out what scientific theory and nature of science are conveyed in the Mandarin and English texts.The study indicated that there are differences in the discourses between Mandarin and English texts. Mandarin text typically uses more zero anaphora in their clauses. Besides, Mandarin text displays phenomenon of redundant words and part-of-speech conversions, as well as physics problem. Conversely, English text demonstrates a confusion in the person relationship between the author and the reader.In terms of conveying nature of science, Mandarin and English texts mostly share similarities, such as simplifying, problem-solving, rationality, and objectivity. Mandarin and English texts respectively correspond to features of the nature of science mentioned in the education systems of Taiwan and International Baccalaureate (IB). Additionally, the features of nature of science conveyed by Mandarin and English texts are also related to the discussions in the fields of science education and philosophy of science.