影響國中學生生活適應的家庭因素

Abstract

人格的陶冶屬於情感教育範圍，即一般所稱的德育和群育，為我國教育主要目標，一個人在人格上有健全的發展，不僅使其自身有良好的適應，並且也有益於國家社會。家庭是個人生命中最早接觸的生活場所，也是個人學習適應生活最早的教育場所，由於(1)個人在一生中，花費在家庭裏的時間比任何其他場所多，在行為、態度及價值觀念上身受家庭之影響；(2)父母親對子女行為的控制，比其他任何個人或團體所施加的控制，在時間上較長；(3)雖然兒童及青少年會與教師或同備團體建立起情緒之接觸，但此種情緒接觸很少會像家庭關係那麼具有持久性；(4)在家庭中，個人能自由的表達其喜悅及悲傷，家人能與個人分享勝利的歡樂，也能撫慰其失敗之創傷，家庭是個人的避風港，此種安全感，對兒童及青少年尤其具有重要性。在所有影響個人發展之環境因素中，家庭因素無疑應居首要地位。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the three dimensions of family factors〈family structure, parents childrearing practices, family socio-economic status〉and adjustment of adolescents. 841 adolescents from 10 junior high school in Taipei city are selected as subjects. For assessing the adjustment scores, a Chinese revision of The California Test Of Personality is administered. All subjects are also administered to the Family Structure And Atmosphere Questionnaire, the Parents childrearing Behavior Questionnaire and the Family Socio-economic Status Scale. The main findings of this study are as follow：1.The adjustment of the subjects is exactly related with family atmosphere, that is the adolescents coming from the intact family with harmonious atmosphere have the best adjustment among the adolescents coming from the intact family with inharmonious atmosphere and the broken family. 2.Higher adjustment scores of the subjects are related with the parents who often use the “love” and “autonomy” seldom use the “hostility” and “control” as a manner of childrearing. Adolescents of “love-atonomy” and “love-control” parents are better than adolescents of “hostility-autonomy” and “hostility-control” parents in their adjustment. 3.To combine the family factors with family size, family atmosphere, family socio-economic status and parents childrearing practice, the family factors could determine the proportion in adjustment of adolescents is 43%, where the parents childrearing factors could determine 35% adjustment of adolescents. 4.The adjustment of subjects have a partial significant relationship with other family factors, such as family size, birth order and family socioeconomic status.