跑走與跳舞機運動訓練對女性老年人步態之影響

Abstract

目的：探討原本無規律運動習慣的女性老年人，藉由3個月的跑走或跳舞機運動訓練，增加身體活動量，瞭解步態動作的改善效果，為驗證此目的，利用行走、上下階梯的運動學參數進行評估。方法：受試者24位65-75歲的女性老年人，隨機分配至三組：跑走組 (67.75±1.49歲)、跳舞機組 (67.88±3.56歲)、控制組 (67.88±3.87歲)，進行3個月，每週3天，每次30分鐘的跳舞機或跑走之運動訓練，控制組未介入運動訓練。以三維動作分析系統及測力板收集平地走路、上下階梯、坐到站、站到坐的動作的運動學及地面反作用力資料，並以軟體Visual3D進行資料處理。統計方式以克-瓦二氏單因子等級變異數分析 (Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks)，比較跑走組、跳舞機組及控制組三組的步頻、步速、步長、步寬、關節移動範圍、身體質心移動範圍、速度等參數之前後測改變量(後側－前側)，如有顯著差異，α=.05，再進行事後比較。結果：走路動作中，跑走組與跳舞機組的步頻改變量 (0.15±0.14; 0.10±0.07 steps/s) 大於控制組(-0.02±0.06 steps/s)，跑走組的地面反作用力改變量 (0.10±0.08 N/kg) 大於控制組(0.01±0.04 N/kg)；上階梯動作中，跑走組的步長改變量 (3.45±2.33 cm) 比跳舞機組 (-0.87±2.16 cm) 大，跑走組與跳舞機組的向前速度改變量 (0.08±0.13; 0.07±0.08 m/s) 大於控制組 (-0.04±0.11 m/s)、跑走組的地面反作用力改變量 (0.10±0.08 N/kg) 大於控制組 (0.01±0.04 N/kg)；下階梯動作中，跳舞機組的步寬改變量 (-1.12±2.02 cm) 小於控制組 (3.62±2.97 cm)，跑走組的向前移動速度改變量 (0.05 ± 0.05 m/s) 大於控制組 (-0.08 ± 0.06 m/s)。結論：從走路動作中，發現跑走運動訓練後有較佳的步態表現，但從上下階梯動作發現，藉由兩種不同運動訓練後，女性老年人會採取不同的動作策略，以保持穩定的動作表現。

Purpose: To compare the effects of two kinds of exercise interventions (walk-run and Dance Dance Revolution (DDR)) on level walking, stair ascent and descent in female elders. Methods: Twenty-four healthy female elders were randomly assigned to three groups, including the walk-run exercise group (age: 67.75±1.49 year), the DDR exercise group (age: 66.88±3.56 year), and control group (age: 67.88±3.87 year). The 3D motion analysis system was used to collect whole body motion. A total of reflective markers were placed on each subject’s bony landmarks. The cadence, stride length, step width, and ROM of lower extremity joints (right) during level walking, stair ascent and descent were assessed before and after 3-month exercise interventions (moderate intensity, thirty minutes, three times a week for walk-run or DDR). The variance of pretest-posttest among walk-run group, DDR group, and control group were compared by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks was used to test the differences among three groups, and LSD was used to do Post Hoc. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: The cadence of both walk-run (0.15±0.14 steps/s) and DDR exercise group (0.10±0.07 steps/s) increased after exercise intervention. The ground reaction force of walk-run exercise group (0.10±0.08 N/kg; 0.10±0.08 N/kg) was larger than control group (0.01±0.04 N/kg; 0.01±0.04 N/kg) during walking and stair ascent. The stride length of walk-run group (3.45±2.33 cm) was larger than DDR exercise group (-0.87±2.16 cm) during stair ascent. The step width of DDR exercise group (-1.12±2.02 cm) was smaller than control group (3.62±2.97 cm) during stair descent. Conclusions: The results indicate that the female elders with exercise interventions improved gait performance.