維繫婚姻穩定的歷程與影響因素之研究－以結婚20年以上的女性為例

Abstract

本研究之目的為瞭解婚姻中預期性與非預期性事件，夫妻壓力調適的歷程以及探究影響婚姻穩定的因素。研究方法採用深入訪談法，透過訪談大綱的輔助蒐集資料。研究樣本為婚齡介於24-35年之間、年齡介於45-55歲之間、初婚、未曾分居、育有三子的女性。 研究發現夫妻調適婚姻中事件的歷程中，積極的調適策略（如尋求資源、溝通協調）對婚姻的維繫可能較有助益，消極的調適策略（如抱怨、忽略）對婚姻的維繫則可能較不具助力。其中尋求資源是夫妻從事件中脫困的主要策略。女性所擁有的人際網絡資源，特別是原生家庭，對婚姻事件的調適有很大的影響。有些女性在壓力調適不良的情況下，仍能繼續維持婚姻的原因，可能有一部分是受到「珍惜情感」、「重視責任」、「與配偶有共同努力的目標」等婚姻信念的影響。 影響婚姻穩定的因素，受訪資料顯示出原生家庭成長經驗、正向思考能力、夫妻間互動、文化規範等，對出生於30-40年代女性婚姻之穩定有所影響。在原生家庭成長經驗方面，包括家人分工盡本分、個體與家人的互動經驗中責任感的形成、守本分的義務等因素，使女性認知在婚姻中的角色與責任；而正向思考能力可能會影響婚姻穩定，具有正向思考能力的女性，較會用正向積極的態度看待婚姻中的問題，抗壓性亦較強；夫妻間的互動亦可能影響婚姻穩定，當女性感受到夫妻互動中包含越多情意的表達、相互的依賴及適度的讓步，皆有助婚姻的穩定；而「父系家族的角色規範」、「宿命觀」則是牽制出生於30-40年代的女性留在婚姻中的一股無形力量。

This study aims to understand the predictable and unexpected events in a marriage, the process of coping with pressure between husband and wife, and the contributing factors of maintaining a marriage. The research is conducted with the method of in-depth interview, gathering information with the help of the question outline. The study samples are women whose marriage lasts between 24-35 years and who are between 45-55 years old; moreover they are first-married, have never separated, and have three children. The study finds out that in the process of adjusting to the marriage, active adjusting strategies, such as looking for resources and communicating with each other, are possibly more helpful in maintaining a marriage, while passive adjusting strategies, such as complaining and ignoring, are unlikely to help. Of all the active strategies, looking for resources is the main one to find a way out of the marriage predicament. The resources of the interpersonal relations from the female side, especially the born family, have a large impact on the adjustment to the marriage. As for the reason why some women still get to maintain the marriage but being unable to deal with pressure, it is believed that they are partly influenced by the marriage values, such as “to cherish the affections,” “to value the responsibility,” and “to strive for the same goal with the spouse.” As for the contributing factors to marital stability, according to the survey, the life experience from the family of origin, the ability to think positively, the interaction between husband and wife, cultural conventions, and so on, affect the marital stability of the women born in 1930s to 40s. First of all, the life experience include the self-obligation and division of labors among family members, the cultivation of a sense of responsibility through the interaction between the individual and other members, and the obligation to play one’s role well, all of which enable women to recognize the role and responsibility in a marriage. Second, women with the ability to think positively tend to take a positive attitude toward the marital problems and to deal with pressure better. Besides, in the interaction between husband and wife, it helps stabilize the marriage when the female feels more affections, mutual dependence, and proper and reasonable give-and-take. Last, “the regulation of the patriarchal family’s role” and “fatalism” causes an unseen power to bind the women of 1930s to 40s to stay in the marriage.