回，不回？何去，何從？馬來西亞籍諮商心理師在台灣跨文化適應與就業困境

Abstract

本研究是旨在了解馬來西亞籍諮商心理師在台灣跨文化適應與就業困境，在台灣的跨文化適應經驗以及求職上與就業上的經驗。本研究邀請了四位馬來西亞籍諮商心理師，以開放式問句進行深度訪談，以Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach 與 Zilber的敘說分析為研究方法，並以「整體-內容」與「類別-內容」進行分析，透過個別分析、跨故事分析與綜合討論的方式呈現研究參與者之跨文化適應經驗與求職以及就業困境。本研究所歸納出之結果如下： 一、馬來西亞華人與台灣文化相近，增加馬來西亞華人來台深造的意願。然而，文化相近並不代表無文化差異，此衝突在初期來台的時候較容易產生，也會在諮商專業工作中浮現。 二、馬來西亞籍諮商心理師透過諮商的學習、接受督導以及與老師互動協助馬來西亞籍諮商心理師從混亂的狀態中找到自我，重新獲得自我的肯定。 三、在跨文化的壓力下，馬來西亞籍諮商心理師難免會選擇以親近主文化或是遠離主文化的方式來減緩跨文化所帶來的衝擊與內在衝突，然而到後期可整合原生與主文化之觀點，重新建立對自我的文化價值觀。 四、馬來西亞籍諮商心理師在台求職所遭遇的限制演變成生涯規劃中一項重大的挑戰。無論選擇留下或回去，這兩項決定關係到馬來西亞籍諮商心理師未來的命運與規劃。留在台灣無疑是專業上的延續與人脈的擴展；然而，當馬來西亞籍諮商心理師被賦予框架與限制的時候，這又是另一種自由與限制，現實與夢想的拉鋸之戰。 最後，研究者根據本研究結果進行綜合性討論，並給政府相關單位、雇主、未來欲來台修習諮商輔導相關科系之外籍生與未來研究方向提出建議，並提供相關單位做參考。The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of cross-cultural adaptation and employment predicament of 4 Malaysian counseling psychologists who in Taiwan. Participants were invited for a semi-structured interview. Thereafter, data was collected and analyzed by “holistic-content” and “categorical-content” based on narrative approach. The results are as follow: 1.Cultural similarity of Malaysian Chinese and Taiwan is an important reason for Malaysian Chinese to study in Taiwan. However, culture shock more frequently occurred during the participants’ early phase of stay in Taiwan, and would continue to emerge in their clinical work. 2.Malaysian counseling psychologists has rebuild self-esteem through counseling practices, supervision and by interaction with the professors. 3.Malaysian counseling psychologists had chosen assimilation and separation to overcome early cross-cultural stress. A few participants have come to integration later , self-esteem has increased. 4.Law restrictions in employment are the main challenge for Malaysian counseling psychologists who wish to continue residing in Taiwan. Based on the results of the study, suggestions were purposed for government, potential employers, future foreign students who are interested in Taiwan counseling program, and for future research.