賦權與削權動機氣候對大專運動員內在動機之預測：以心理需求為中介變項

Abstract

根據 Deci 與 Ryan (1985) 提出的自我決定理論 (self-determination theory, SDT)，認為人們的行為是由三個主要的基本心理需求 (勝任感、自主性、關係感) 所構成，而內在動機來自於基本心理需求的滿足。Duda (2013) 結合了自我決定理論和成就目標理論，提出賦權與削權動機氣候會透過滿足基本心理需求，從而增進康寧 (Well-Being)。因此本研究目的為探討自主性、勝任感及關係感在賦權與削權動機氣候和內在動機之間的中介效果。本研究以 186 位甲組團隊項目運動員為對象，平均年齡為 20.73 歲 (SD=2.08)，平均參與專項 8.54 年 (SD=3.48)。經參與者同意後發放賦權與削權動機氣候量表、基本心理需求量表和內在動機量表。所得資料以描述性統計、Pearson積差相關和拔靴法進行統計分析。研究結果顯示：自主性、勝任感，關係感在賦權動機氣候與內在動機之間有部分中介效果。自主性、勝任感，關係感在削權動機氣候與內在動機之間有完全中介效果。本研究建議未來教練應該塑造高賦權動機氣候以提升選手之內在動機，並且塑造高賦權低削權動機氣候環境以滿足運動員的自主性、勝任感及關係感，進而提升運動員之內在動機。

According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci& Ryan, 1985), intrinsic motivation comes from the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs. Based on Duda’s (2013) hierarchical and multidimensional of the empowering and disempowering motivational climates, which will increase athletes’ well-being through the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. This study aim to examining the mediation effect of basic psychological needs on empowering and disempowering climates to intrinsic motivation. Male and female college athletes (N=186, Mean age=20.73), completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the motivational climates created by their coaches, basic psychological needs, and intrinsic motivation. Results show that autonomy, competence and relatedness have partial mediation effect between empowering motivational climate and intrinsic motivation, all three basic psychological needs have fully mediation effect between disempowering motivational climate and intrinsic motivation. According to the result, this study suggests Coaches should apply for autonomy support, task-involving, social support behaviors more usually, and avoid ego-involving, controlling simultaneously to create high empowering and low disempowering motivational climates, which will fulfill athletes’ autonomy, competence and relatedness, thereby increasing athletes’ intrinsic motivation.