李斯特聯篇歌曲《佩脫拉克十四行詩》、《威廉．泰爾詩曲》－詩詞意境與鋼琴合作探討

Abstract

法蘭茲．李斯特(Franz Liszt, 1811-1886)為十九世紀歐洲浪漫樂派中最具代表性的音樂家之一，他除了是一位風靡樂壇的鋼琴家，同時也是作曲家及指揮家；他致力將鋼琴技巧推展到極致，在鋼琴上的光彩幾乎蓋住了他對聲樂作品的貢獻及投入，一生作有約莫八十首的藝術歌曲，卻鮮少被發掘。 李斯特一生共有三套聯篇歌曲(Song cycle)，筆者將從中選擇兩套作品並深入研究，其中較著名且最常被演出之作品為三首《佩脫拉克十四行詩》(Tre Sonetti di Petrarca, S.270)，後來此三首歌曲被改為鋼琴曲並大獲成功，被收集於《巡禮之年－第二年．義大利》(Années de Pélerinage–Deuxième Année, Italie, S161)；另一套作品為三首《威廉．泰爾詩曲》(Drei Lieder aus Schillers’Wilhelm Tell’, S.292)，由於當時席勒(Friedrich von Schiller, 1759-1805)的劇作《威廉．泰爾》(Wilhelm Tell, 1804)非常盛行，而李斯特對此作品產生莫大的共鳴便譜下了此套聯篇歌曲。這兩套作品皆充滿強烈的戲劇張力，充分展現出聲樂與鋼琴的表現力，並將文字意念及音樂旋律完整地結合，使兩者互相輝映。 本論文共分五個章節，第一章為緒論，包含研究動機與目的以及研究方法與範圍；第二章為文獻探討，其中包含為李斯特生平、其重要藝術歌曲及創作特色、佩脫拉克生平以及席勒生平；第三章為《佩脫拉克十四行詩》樂曲分析與詮釋探討；第四章為《威廉．泰爾詩曲》樂曲分析與詮釋探討；第五章為結語。Franz Liszt (1811-1886) was one of the most outstanding musicians in the nineteenth European Romantic era. He was known as not only a pianist, but also a conductor and a composer. He devoted himself to exploring the techniques of the piano to the utmost, which almost outshined his contributions of vocal works. Throughout his life, he composed around eighty lieders, but they are relatively obscure. Liszt completed three song cycles in his life, and this study aims to focus on two of them:《Tre Sonetti di Petrarca, S.270》and 《Drei Lieder aus Schillers’Wilhelm Tell’, S.292》. The former was rather famous and widespread, and was later arranged for piano; the latter was inspired by the play from Friedrich von Schiller: 《Wilhelm Tell》. Both of the cycles were composed with dramatic tension, giving the vocal and the piano great opportunities to shine. In addition, lyrics and music were combined so thoughtfully that they complement each other. This study is consisted of five chapters: Chapter one is an introduction on the research motif and objectives, research methods, and the structure of this paper; Chapter two includes the life of Franz Liszt, his lieders and music style. Life of Petrarca and Schiller are also included in chapter two; Chapter three is the music analysis and interpretation of 《Tre sonetti di Petrarca》; Chapter four is the music analysis and interpretation of《Drei Lieder aus Schillers ‘Wilhelm Tell’》, and Chapter five is the conclusion.