聲歷擊境從立體到環繞聲響實驗-以《冬之旅》專輯為例

Abstract

科技的更迭影響著影音產業的進化，全景聲與360度全景影像技術越來越能成熟，大眾也越來越能輕鬆的去享受沉浸式體驗，立體聲錄音的理論和麥克風的擺放方法早在1931年就被提出，但因為記錄的媒介還只是78轉的黑膠唱片媒介，播放時間短、底層噪音大、聲音動態範圍小、聲音保真程度低，立體聲錄音與播放技術並不普遍，1940年代磁帶錄音機的現世，1943年，RRG的錄音總監赫爾穆特·克魯格（Helmut Kruger）開始用磁帶進行兩聲道的立體聲錄音，在錄製上正式進入立體聲時代，但在聲音重播科技的發展上，直到1950後才開始。2021年的今日，數位錄音技術成熟，聲音重播科技也從環繞聲進展到了全景聲時代，具有代表性的葛萊美獎是美國國家錄音與科學學會主辦的音樂獎項，也在2019年第61屆時，將“最佳環繞聲專輯”（Best Surround Sound Album）更名為“最佳沉浸式音頻專輯”（Best Immersive Audio Album），可以期待在未來沉浸式體驗將會是大眾的主流選項之一。本次實驗計畫將循著聲音重播聲道發展的歷史源流，將台北打擊樂團於2021年發行的《冬之旅》專輯數位錄音檔案，進行再次製作與混音，製作出雙聲道、三聲道、四聲道、六聲道與八聲道的聲音裝置藝術，記錄各種聲道輸出的混音方式差異與環繞錄製收音時，麥克風的選擇與擺放位置的討論。Technological changes are affecting the evolution of the audio-visual industry.Atmos and 360-degree Panoramic Images and Videos are becoming mature technologies that the public could enjoy the immersive experience more and more easily. The theory of stereo recording and the placement of microphones are as early as it was proposed in 1931. Due to the immature medium of recording, 78-rpm vinyl record medium, which had short playback time, large underlying noise, small sound dynamic range, and low sound fidelity,stereo recording and playback technology was not in common until 1940s, tape recorders coming out. In 1943, the recording director Helmut Kruger of RRG began to use tape for two-channel stereo recording. The recording formally entered the stereo era; the sound reproduction technology, however, has just started to develop since 1950s. Today, in 2021, digital recording technology is fully developed, and sound reproduction technology has also made a big progress from surround sound to the Atmos era.The category was also renamed “Best Immersive Audio Album” in the Grammy Award, one of the four major annual American entertainment awards, for the 2019 Grammy season. According to NARAS (National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences), “driven by the technological side of music evolution, the Best Surround Sound Album category was renamed Best Immersive Audio Album. The same goes for the Field to which it belongs. The change reflects evolving technology, new formats, and current industry trends, practices, and language. It is foreseeable that immersive experience will become one of the mainstream in the future.This experimental music project will follow the historical origin of the development of sound playback channels. The digital recording files of the"Bitter Winter Journey" album released by the Taipei Percussion Orchestra in 2021 will be reproduced and mixed to produce two-channel, three-channel, four-channel, six-channel and eight-channel. This paper will record the differences in the output mixing methods of various channels as well as the discussion of microphone selection and placement during surround sound recording.