符籙美學-符籙的符號、象徵與圖像之創作

Abstract

「符籙」，是中國特有的一種巫術文化，具有神聖的象徵意涵與心靈圖像；更蘊含著不可解說的玄學意義，經由道士長期施用與道家的論述，已經形成一系列的符碼系統，這一系統，以信仰為基礎，被運用來治病、祈福、鎮災、解煞、求財等，是一龐大而又神秘的道家符碼系統，這個符碼系統，以書寫與圖像為主，孕藏強烈的道家思想，具有神秘、不可解、未知與玄學的情境。 本文藉由「符籙」的圖像與符碼，試驗水墨創作中可表現的多元面向，以一系列藝術理論為論據，強調創作的觀念、意境、形式與技法，並以「符籙文字的神聖性」、「符籙圖像的象徵性」及「符籙儀軌的通靈性」三種觀念為出發，反省本土文化與國際思潮的相容性，進而將式微的本土文化，建構出台灣本土另一種新的訊息符碼，並試圖從中國「符籙」的素材中，加以運用水墨、水彩、膠彩、蠟筆等媒材的實驗來表現，並開發出一系列可以欣賞、可以閱讀，且耐人尋味的「符籙美學」創作。Fu-Lu, one of the Chinese culture specific witchcrafts, not only symbolizes the sacredness as well as holy spirits but also implies the indescribable Metaphysics. Over thousands of years being widely used by Taoist priests, Fu-Lu has had become a system of symbolic conventions. As the fundamental ground of the Fu-Lu system is the religious faith, it is believed that Fu-Lu can be used to cure the illnesses, to pray for good fortunes as well as wealth, to tranquilize disasters, and to dissolve malignant deities. Therefore, Fu-Lu is apparently a multifarious and mysterious symbolic convention system of Taoism. This symbolic convention system is mainly expressed through the calligraphy and the icon, implying strong beliefs of Taoism and carrying mysterious, unexplored, unknown and Metaphysical significations. Through investigating the icons and symbols of Fu-Lu, this paper explores the multifaceted aspects of the compositions of the Chinese Ink Paintings. Based on a series of artistic theories, I emphasize the notions, the conception, the styles and the techniques of creations of the Chinese Ink Paintings. Moreover, I reflect upon our own Taiwanese indigenous culture and its compatibility with the ideological trend worldwide on the basis of the three notions of Fu-Lu—the Sacredness of the Calligraphy, the Symbolism of the Icons, and the Psychic Telesthesia of the ritual of Fu-Lu. This paper attempts to reconstruct the new convention of messages from the descending Taiwanese indigenous culture. Furthermore, I make an effort to apply various media from the ink painting, water color painting, glue painting, to crayon painting as experimental techniques of expressions in order to develop a series of pleasurable, readable and absorbing creations of the Fu-Lu aesthetics.