社區大學社會資本構成要素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在彰顯社區大學在終身教育機構中的特殊性，建構社區大學社會資本構成要素量表，並從社會資本觀點深入討論，以提供社大在組織發展之建議。為詮釋本研究目的，研究者透過文獻探討、德懷術、專家效度、問卷調查方式，匯集學者專家與實務工作者對本研究題旨的一致性意見，共計邀請23位專家組成德懷術專家小組，以及10位專家效度小組成員，編制「社區大學組織社會資本構成要素」問卷。並於前述研究階段完成後，再對台北市12所社區大學進行研究調查，邀請各校之校長、主任秘書、教師、行政人員、具代表性志工等為對象，各寄出40份問卷，總計發出480份問卷，並使用統計套裝軟體EQS 6.1來進行結構方程模式（Structural Equation Model, SEM）分析。 研究發現，社區大學社會資本是由信任（trust）、網絡（network）、規範（norm）三個構面、21個要素組成。在信任構面部份共有5個構成要素；網絡構面有8個組成要素；規範構面有八個組成要素。並從中提出以下幾點發展建議：

一、以信任為基礎的社大形象 社大形象的建立，並非只是透過廣告或少數個人的推銷、服務。以社區大學而言，其所服務的對象為成人學生，因此課程必須以學習者需求為導向，以學校發展願景為依歸，同時考量在地特性、社區資源等面向進行規劃。因此，在本建議包含「提供良好的服務與產品」、「建立具默契及有效能的行政團隊」、「建立與其他相關單位或社區組織的互信關係」等三點具體建議。 二、以網絡發展社區大學緊密的社會連結關係 建議主要分成兩部份，共計五項具體建議。在建立對外連結的網絡關係方面，包含「透過社區組或社區專員建立社大與社區關聯」、「透過資訊網絡平台將社大資訊向社區開放」、「透過社區總體營造建立與社區的夥伴關係」三點具體建議；建立對內連結的網絡關係，包含「確立社大內部各組織的角色與功能」、「藉由定期會議建立溝通機制與提供激勵措施」兩點具體建議。

三、以規範建立行政效能，並推廣社大價值願景 以下將針對可見的行政規範，以及潛在的辦學理念、核心價值進行說明。在本建議包含「訂定組織內部明確的行政規範並確實執行」、「建立清楚的辦學理念與核心價值」等兩點具體建議。This thesis mainly focused on the research of particularity role of community college in lifelong learning organizations, and set up index to evaluate component factors of social capital of community college. The research also came up with suggestions for the organizational development of community college from the point view of social capital related discussions. In order to interpret the research proposes, some techniques are applied during the research process, including literature review, Delphi Technique, expert validity, and questionnaire survey are used to collect common opinions from experts, scholars and practitioners. We invited 23 experts to formed up a Delphi Technique survey unit and a 10-member expert validity unit to create questionnaire on the issue of 「Component Factors of Social Capital of Community College」. After the former stages of research has been done, the author also focused did a survey on 12 community college in Taipei. There were 40 copies of questionnaire sent out to school presidents, chief secretaries, faculties, administrative personnel and representative volunteers respectively, and in total 480 copies of questionnaire were sent out for research purpose. These questionnaires were finally analyzed by EQS 6.1 software via Structural Equation Model (SEM) mode. The research finding is that social capital of community college is comprised of 3 aspects and 21 elements. These 3 factors are trust , network and norm, they are comprised of 5 elements, 8 elements and 8 elements respectively. Here are some suggestions for the development of community college: I. Trust is the fundamental image of community college It is not easy to set up good image for community college only through advertisements or good promotion skills and services provided by individuals. The main service target for community college are adults, so, when designing the curriculum, it needs to be learner needs oriented and focused more on future development of college, also, localization and community resources needs to be taken into consideration. Therefore, 3 concrete suggestions are provided in order to set up good image of community college, they are: 1. Providing good services. 2. Set up efficiency and reliable administrative group. 3. Set up good mutual trust relationship between community college and other related organizations or community organizations. II. To develop strong social connections between the public and community college via internet There are in total 5 suggestions divided into 2 categories. For setting up external connections, the following methods should be carried out:1. Establish connection between community college and the community with the help of community organization specialists. 2. Reveal community college related information to the community via internet platform. 3. Establish partnership between community college and the community via community development; For setting up internal connections, the following methods should be put into practice:1. To establish firmly the role and function of various internal organizations of community college. 2. To establish good communication channels by hosting regular meetings and to provide incentive measures. III. To ensure administrative efficiency by implementing norms and to promote community college values as a long-term vision The following suggestions will focused on the explanation of visible administrative norms, potential school missions and core values, including two concrete suggestions, they are:1. Establish specific internal administrative norms and truly carry them out. 2. Establish clear school missions and core values.