重返避風港？！受虐兒少歷經機構安置後返家之家庭生活經驗探討

Abstract

家庭總被視為最適合孩子成長的環境，是每一個人的根，因而協助接受家外 安置的孩子盡早返家為基本信念。但對於曾接受機構安置的返家個案，其家庭生 活卻鮮少有人知道。是故本研究採質性研究深入訪談的方式，瞭解歷經機構安置 的受虐兒少，離院返家後的家庭生活經驗，探討他們返家前與家庭重聚經驗、返 家後家庭系統的運作與面對的家庭壓力和因應，及其對於未來家庭之想像。研究 共訪談六位歷經機構安置，返家生活至少半年以上的受虐兒少，研究結果發現： 1. 離院個案的返家生活，在不同的家庭生活經驗、家庭系統運作和家庭壓力與因應下，可發展成三種不同的家庭生活樣貌：「持續在家型」、「逃避 回家型」以及「離開家庭型」。 2. 返家個案或多或少都會面對不同程度的家庭壓力，進之影響他們繼續留 在家庭的意願。且多數孩子在面對家庭壓力時，會採取「消極且逃避的 方式」因應，而較少嘗試改變或修復與家庭成員的關係。索性家庭系統 與家庭成員關係是不斷變動的過程，儘管當下出現裂痕，不代表未來沒 有修復或重新接觸的可能。 3. 返家個案對於施虐者的看法和對於家庭意義的詮釋，以及再一次的返家 選擇，都會受到返家後不同的家庭生活樣貌及現實環境所影響。但整體 而言，這群歷經機構安置的受虐兒少，由於自己童年未能擁有一個完整 的家庭，而更加渴望未來建立屬於自己的家庭。

研究者依據研究結果，分別針對機構式安置服務、追蹤輔導服務及政府政策 提出建議。在整體建議上，除強調應以家庭韌力觀點關注返家個案的家庭生活經 驗，更應落實受虐兒少與原生家庭之聯繫並規劃離院個案相關活動、營造一個適 合兒少成長的家庭氛圍、降低團體式規範並朝向團體家庭模式發展、增加受虐兒 少對於建立家庭的責任感；落實家庭重聚服務、持續且穩定的正式支持系統投入； 及個別性的返家準備服務與追蹤輔導機制、依據不同的返家歷程思考個別化的返 家模式等，進而提升離院個案返家後的家庭適應，並給予即時性的協助。Families are always regarded as a root of every individual. Therefore, the fundamental belief is to help those children in out-of-home placement return home as early as possible. However, the children who have already returned home, their family lives have been rarely known by others. Thus, through the deep interview as a qualitative research method, the study investigated the experiences of family lives of those abused children that had been in residential placement yet have already returned home. The study interviewed six abused children who had been institutionally placed but have already stayed home for at least half a year. The findings of the research are shown as follows.

1. The life styles of those individual cases could be classified into three categories: continuing to stay home, escaping from home, and leaving home in terms of different experiences of family lives. 2. Those children more or less encountered different degrees of family pressure after returning home, and such situations would influence their aspiration of staying home continuously. Meanwhile, when the majority of children faced family pressure, they seldom attempted to change and recovered the relationship among family members. Fortunately, family system and relationship interact under a continuously changing process. Even though a gap is caused currently, it doesn’t really indicate that there is no possibility of recovering or contacting one another again in the future. 3. The opinions about the abusers, the explanations of significance of family, and the choices of returning home again made by those subjects who have already returned home would be affected by the different lifestyles and realistic situations.

Based on the findings and results, the study provides some suggestions to improve the service system. Overall speaking, the policy and practice should strengthen the relationship between the children and their family, and work out plans for relevant activities for abused children after their leaving institutions. Moreover, the authorities should carry out the service of family reunions, implement individual service of preparing to return home, and trace the counseling system in order to enhance such abused children’s family adaptability after leaving residential institutions and returning home, and to offer appropriate and timely assistance as well.