國中生關係攻擊和關係受害與旁觀者行為反應之相關研究：以關係攻擊規範信念為中介變項

Abstract

本研究之目的乃探討國中學生的關係攻擊傾向和關係受害程度與其在關係攻擊情境中的旁觀者行為反應（即助長者、局外者以及保護者旁觀行為）之間的關聯，並進一步檢視關係攻擊規範信念是否存在中介效果。本研究對象為臺灣北部地區四所公立國中共539位學生（男生273名、女生266名，七年級學生177名、八年級學生180名、九年級學生182名），平均年齡為14.26歲。本研究之測量工具為「關係攻擊傾向量表」、「關係受害程度量表」、「關係攻擊規範信念量表」以及「關係攻擊情境之旁觀者行為反應量表」，並以Pearson積差相關、簡單迴歸分析和結構方程模式進行分析。本研究結果顯示：（一）國中生之關係攻擊傾向與助長者、局外者旁觀行為存在正向的相關和預測力，與保護者旁觀行為存在負向的相關和預測力。（二）國中生之關係受害程度與助長者旁觀行為存在正向的相關和預測力。（三）國中生之關係攻擊規範信念與助長者、局外者旁觀行為存在正相關，與保護者旁觀行為存在負相關。（四）國中生之關係攻擊規範信念在關係攻擊傾向與不同旁觀者行為反應、關係受害程度與不同旁觀者行為反應之關聯上皆具有顯著的中介效果。研究者依據本研究之研究結果，提出對教育和輔導實務工作以及未來研究方向之建議。

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between relational aggression (RA), relational victimization (RV) and bystander behaviors (i.e., assistant and reinforcer, outsider, and defender behaviors) among junior high school students, and to explore the mediating effect of normative beliefs about RA on the relationships between RA as well as RV and bystander behaviors. Participants of this study were 539 students (51% male; mean age = 14.26 years) from four public junior high school in northern Taiwan. Self-reported measures of RA, RV, normative beliefs about RA and bystander behaviors were used for data collection, and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) Assistant and reinforcer behaviors were positively associated with and predicted by RA and RV respectively. (2) Outsider behaviors were positively associated with and predicted by RA. (3) Defender behaviors were positively associated with and predicted by RA. (4) Normative beliefs about RA were significantly associated with different bystander behaviors. (5) There was a significant mediating effect of normative beliefs about RA on the relationships between RA and different bystander behaviors as well as that between RV and different bystander behaviors. Based on the findings, educational implications and suggestions for future research were also provided.