運用知識翻新搭配6E教學策略於機器人實作課程對國中生之學習成效與行為模式之研究

Abstract

隨著科技與社會的發展，學生在課堂上面臨的難題不單單只是書本內的既有知識，這些問題難以靠個人的努力進行解決，而是透過小組成員間的協作學習去達到進一步的知識提升。在近幾年，STEM跨學科教學在教育領域蓬勃發展，也需要有更合適的教學策略與課程設計來進行，將機器人的實作課程融入在STEM的教學當中，內容方面結合了科學、機械、數學、資訊四個面向的相關知識與技術之課程，符合新課綱在科技教育方面，著重培養學生跨領域整合知識運用能力。知識論壇是依據知識翻新理論設計的教學平台，學生能夠在此平台中對知識及想法產生進行合作建構，提昇社群成員集體反思，讓合作學習與知識翻新活動能具有社會學習過程，營造出更有效能的線上學習環境。6E模式為STEM提供教學步驟，而知識翻新的原則也提供了STEM有效的教學策略。過去的教學注重「概念」的培養，著重學生對知識的理解，而知識翻新則是以「想法」為中心的教學，由小組間共同分享與建構知識。知識翻新教學能在STEM中能建立良好的學習環境，鼓勵學生以創新的方式來解決問題並協作建立知識，透過結合6E教學策略能提升學生的探究與思考能力。本研究對象為56名國中二年級學生，以單一實驗組進行課程規劃，目的為探討國中學生基於知識翻新以想法為中心的教學歷程，教學內容以「知識論壇」（Knowledge Forum, KF）線上平台進行課堂活動了解線上平台的操作和知識翻新原則並讓學生在課堂中進行討論及發想，接著進行STEM掃地機器人實作課程，經由準實驗設計來瞭解課程對於學生學習成效與學習參與度和6E模式實作課程中使用知識翻新原則情況。研究結果發現到透過知識論壇分析工具依據不同小組的筆記創建情形區分高低參與度組別，高低參與度小組隨著專題課程進行在學習參與度方面和STEM學習成效都有所提昇。並透過實作課程中的錄影帶分析出不論是高或低參與度組別在6E模式不同階段中，特定幾項知識翻新原則是最容易被學生所使用到包含優先看中真實中發生的問題原則、所有概念與想法皆可改進原則、想法有多元的觀點原則和自主追求的學習者原則，相關研究結果可供後續研究6E模式的教學相關研究者作為參考並融入未來教學設計當中。With the development of technology and society, the problems faced by students in the classroom are not only existing knowledge in books. These problems cannot be solved by individual efforts, but through collaborative learning among group members to achieve further knowledge.In recent years, STEM teaching has flourished in the field of education, and more appropriate teaching strategies and curriculum design are needed. The practical courses of robotics are integrated into STEM teaching. The curriculum of related knowledge and technology in the four aspects of mathematics and information is in line with the new syllabus. In terms of technology education, it focuses on cultivating students' ability to integrate knowledge across fields. The knowledge forum is a teaching platform designed based on the theory of knowledge building. On this platform, students can cooperate to construct knowledge and ideas, enhance the collective reflection of community members, and enable cooperative learning and knowledge renovation activities to have a social learning process and create a better and effective online learning environment. The 6E model provides teaching steps for STEM, and the knowledge building principle also provides effective teaching strategies for STEM. In the past, teaching focused on the cultivation of"concepts" and students' understanding of knowledge, while knowledge building principle was based on "ideas"-centered teaching, where knowledge was shared and constructed among groups. Knowledge building principle teaching can create a good learning environment in STEM, encourage students to solve problems in an innovative way and build knowledge collaboratively. By combining 6E teaching strategies with knowledge building principle, students can improve inquiry and thinking skills . The researchsubjects are 56 middle school students. A single experimental group is used for research. The purpose is to explore the idea-centered teaching process of middle school students based on knowledge building principle. The teaching content is based on the"Knowledge Forum" (KF) online platform. Conduct classroom activities to understand the operation of the online platform and the knowledge building principle, and let students discuss and think in the classroom, and then conduct the STEM cleaning robot hands-on course, through the experimental design to understand the course's effect on students' learning effectiveness and learning participation and 6E the use of knowledge building principles in the pattern implementation course. According to theresults, the study found that the knowledge forum analysis tool was used to distinguish high and low participation groups according to the note creation situation of different groups. The high and low participation groups improved their learning participation and STEM learning effectiveness through the courses. And through the videotapes in the hands-on course, the result show that in the different stages of the 6E model, whether it is a high or low participation group, certain knowledge building principles are most likely to be used by students, including real ideas and authentic problems principle, improvable ideas principle, idea diversity principle and epistemic agency principle, the relevant research results can be used as a reference for the further study of the 6E model.