藝術創意化的一戰百年紀念：以英國Poppies Wave藝術計劃為例

Abstract

近年來，遺產不斷因應時代需求在變動，社會記憶也不斷面臨記憶與遺忘的問題。2014年英國為了紀念第一次世界大戰期滿一百周年，在倫敦塔展出陶瓷製虞美人花Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red公共藝術紀念作品，因大眾反響激烈，英國政府回應將展出擴大延伸至為期5年全英國的巡迴展示計畫，並使用原展示中的意象訂定新主題為Poppies: Wave and Weeping Window，交由官方的藝術委員會執行。這樣的歷史記憶、遺產、藝術與創意的結合很快就受到英國民眾的矚目。本文旨在以陶瓷虞美人花的巡迴展示探討社會記憶遺產與藝術創意的交互關係，以及分析參訪展示地點之一–林肯的遊客實踐，目的是為探討在英國文化政策下的藝術創意如何展演英國一戰歷史記憶。本個案研究以文獻分析法為主，資料來源為官方網站、媒體報導、歷史文獻與質性訪談為文本，分析重點為：一、歷史紀念政治性：英國政府的文化政策如何以文化創意，整合藝術創作介入英國一戰歷史紀念與歷史記憶。二、公共藝術的介入：以象徵性的公共藝術在遺產空間如何展示其紀念性意涵，共同建構一戰紀念的主體。三、以遊客的參訪實踐探討觀光客對紀念展示的理解與回應，並分析整個展示活動如何形塑遊客的體驗。

Among these years, heritage have been continually reforming according to the times, and social memories must be confronted with the problems of remembering and forgetting. In 2014, U.K. commemorated their centenary of World War I by presenting a public art installation consist of ceramic poppies, Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red, at the Tower of London. Due to the huge public reaction, the government announced the extension of the display by touring the two sculptures from the original installation around U.K. as a new theme, Poppies: Wave and Weeping Window, organized by official art programme organization,14-18 NOW. The combination of memories, heritage, art and creativities have received enormous attention.The study intent to discuss the issue of the interactive relationship of social memory heritage and art creativity, and analyze the visitor’s practice in Lincoln, to look into how U.K. performs their WWI memory through creative art under the governor’s cultural policy. This research is based on document analysis, follow with historical literature, medias reports and guided interviews, which focus on three dimensions including the politics of historical commemoration, the intervention of public art and the practice of visitors.