音樂介入對射擊運動表現之影響

Abstract

過去音樂和運動表現，大多採用自陳式量表，因此本研究擬透過腦波的研究方法，比較有無聆聽音樂是否造成射擊運動表現差異。目的：探討射擊選手在音樂介入後射擊時的成績與Fmθ波差異。方法：參與者為有經驗的空氣槍選手10位，控制情境與音樂情境共射擊40發，每20發再切割為一區段，每區段開始射擊前介入音樂10分鐘。射擊前3秒的腦波資料以每段1秒的時間切為3段，統計方法採用三因子（情境×區間×時間視窗）重覆量數變異數分析，比較不同情境區段間射擊成績和Fmθ波之差異。結果：射擊成績和Fmθ波在不同情境區段間無顯著差異。結論：Fmθ波與精準性運動關係可能非簡單線性關係，適中理想的Fmθ波範圍或許才是最佳的皮質活動。雖然音樂介入對精準性運動表現改善的效果也尚未明朗，但從聆聽音樂後實驗參與者給予的正向反應，可以推測面臨重要比賽時產生高度的狀態焦慮而損害表現時，可讓選手賽前聆聽喜愛的音樂來減緩選手的焦慮水準，進而改善運動表現。

Past research mainly used self report inventory to discuss the relationship between music and sport performance. This study used electroencephalogram (EEG) to compare whether listening to music can cause any difference in pistol shooting performance. Purpose: To discuss pistol shooters’ performance and Fmθ after listening to music. Method: The participants in this study were 10 experienced pistol shooters, and each had 40 shots in control and music condition. Each condition was separated into 2 sectors and participants listened to music 10 minutes before shooting. EEG data were segmented into three one-second epochs prior to execution. Several 2 x 2 x 3 (condition x sector x epoch) ANOVAs with repeated measures were employed. Results: There were no differences between condition and sector in performance and Fmθ. Conclusion: Fmθ and precision sports may not have linear relationship. Appropriate Fmθ might be the best cortical activity. Although music intervention had no obvious improving performance in precision sports, the participants gave positive responses after listening to music. We conjectured that music could ease athletes’ high anxiety caused by competition, thus improving their performances.