八人制室內拔河國家隊選手進攻動作－「歐洲後退步」與「日本後退步」之生物力學分析
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2005
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Abstract
本研究的主要目的在於探討台灣八人制室內拔河國家隊選手進攻動作「歐洲後退步」與「日本後退步」之運動學與動力學參數。受試對象為拔河國手代表隊選手共八名，身高174.1±3.6公分、體重72.7± 2.4公斤及年齡22.1 ± 2.4歲，使用兩部 Redlake 高速攝影機(60Hz)與一部 Kistler (9287型)測力板(600Hz)配合Kwon 3D影片分析系統及 Bioware 測力板電腦軟體，針對這兩種不同進攻動作進行六秒鐘的運動學及動力學資料蒐集與分析。在統計部分則利用相依樣本 t 考驗來比較兩種不同拔河動作型態後退步參數間的差異，並以皮爾遜積差相關方式進行相關比較。使用之統計軟體為SPSS 12.0 版，本實驗之顯著水準訂為α=.05。
本研究之結論與建議如下：
一、 由於兩種進攻動作因動作型態上的差異，導致運動學上有許多不同之處，如左、右足出現最大前後水平分力時之身體重心角度、橫切面之上半身身體傾斜角度、左手肘關節、左手腕關節、右手肘關節、右手腕關節。
二、日本後退步能產生較佳的最大向後水平分力平均值與最小向後水平分力平均值，以及較小的最大與最小前後水平分力平均值差，因此日本後退步穩定度較高較有效率。
三、日本後退步進攻動作有幾項優點優於歐洲後退步。第一，身體重心角度小於歐洲後退步；其次，日本後退步有較少的動作完成時間；第三，重心左右位移大於歐洲後退步；最後，最大前後水平分力大於歐洲後退步且穩定度亦高於歐洲後退步。
從本研究的結果，建議選手們在訓練進攻動作上未來可以採用日本後退步。
The purposes of this study were to investigate the kinematics and kinetics parameters of Indoor Eight People Make Tug-of-War “European Back-Step” and “Japanese Back-Step” attack movements. The subjects were 8 Taiwan Tug-of-War national team members (174.1±3.6cm, 72.7±2.4kg, 22.1±2.4 year).Two Redlake high-speed video camera(60Hz) and a Kistler (9287) Force Plateform(600Hz) were used to collect the 3D kinematical data and ground reaction force of the subjects. The 3D data were analyzed by Kwon3D motion analysis system and the 6-second duration time of ground reaction force were analyzed by Bioware software. A Paired-samples t test was used to compare the differences between “European”& “Japanese” back-step attack movements. A Pearson’s product-moment correlation was also used to conduct the relevant comparison. The level of significance was α= .05 in this study, and the statistics software was SPSS 12.0 version. The conclusions and suggestion of this study were as followed: I. There were a lot of kinematics differences between the two styles, such as the body angle, the left elbow, wrist angle, right elbow and right wrist at the peak-forces of the two movements. II. There were greater peak-forces and minimum backward ground reaction force of Japanese Back-Step attack movement than the European style. The value between peak and minimum backward ground reaction force of Japanese Back-Step was less than the value of the European Back-Step. That meant the Japanese Back-Step was more constant and efficient than the European Back-Step. III. There were more advantages in Japanese Back-Step attack movement than in European Back-Step. First of all, the body angle with horizontal plane of Japanese style was less than that of the European style. Secondly, less movement time was needed by using Japanese style. Thirdly, the left-right side displacement was greater than that in the European style. Finally, the horizontal force of Japanese style was greater and Japanese style was also more stable. As result, it is recommended that athletes should practice the Japanese Back-Step attack movement in the future.
The purposes of this study were to investigate the kinematics and kinetics parameters of Indoor Eight People Make Tug-of-War “European Back-Step” and “Japanese Back-Step” attack movements. The subjects were 8 Taiwan Tug-of-War national team members (174.1±3.6cm, 72.7±2.4kg, 22.1±2.4 year).Two Redlake high-speed video camera(60Hz) and a Kistler (9287) Force Plateform(600Hz) were used to collect the 3D kinematical data and ground reaction force of the subjects. The 3D data were analyzed by Kwon3D motion analysis system and the 6-second duration time of ground reaction force were analyzed by Bioware software. A Paired-samples t test was used to compare the differences between “European”& “Japanese” back-step attack movements. A Pearson’s product-moment correlation was also used to conduct the relevant comparison. The level of significance was α= .05 in this study, and the statistics software was SPSS 12.0 version. The conclusions and suggestion of this study were as followed: I. There were a lot of kinematics differences between the two styles, such as the body angle, the left elbow, wrist angle, right elbow and right wrist at the peak-forces of the two movements. II. There were greater peak-forces and minimum backward ground reaction force of Japanese Back-Step attack movement than the European style. The value between peak and minimum backward ground reaction force of Japanese Back-Step was less than the value of the European Back-Step. That meant the Japanese Back-Step was more constant and efficient than the European Back-Step. III. There were more advantages in Japanese Back-Step attack movement than in European Back-Step. First of all, the body angle with horizontal plane of Japanese style was less than that of the European style. Secondly, less movement time was needed by using Japanese style. Thirdly, the left-right side displacement was greater than that in the European style. Finally, the horizontal force of Japanese style was greater and Japanese style was also more stable. As result, it is recommended that athletes should practice the Japanese Back-Step attack movement in the future.
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Keywords
生物力學, 八人制拔河, 後退步, 進攻動作, Biomechanics, Tug-of-War, Back-Step, Attack Movements