關愛與自我形象目標對社會連結感的影響：正念與慈悲的中介效果

Abstract

本研究主要探討大學生的關愛與自我形象目標對社會連結感的影響，是否受到正念、自我慈悲與他人慈悲的中介作用。本研究採用問卷調查的方式，以方便取樣獲得309個有效的大學生資料，以描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、階層回歸分析等方法對觀察資料進行統計分析。本研究發現：（1）不同背景變項上，大學生的關愛目標、自我形象目標、正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲與社會連結感在『性別』、『感情狀況』、『家中排行』、『家庭收入』、『社團經驗』、『求助經驗』有顯著差異；（2）大學生的自我慈悲、他人慈悲、正念分別對社會連結感有顯著正向預測力，大學生的注意力、自我友善、友善對社會連結感有顯著正向預測力，自我批評、孤立感、分心對社會連結感有顯著負向預測力；（3）不同『關愛與自我形象目標類型』之大學生在正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲、社會連結感上有顯著差異；（4）在『高關愛低自我』類型下，關愛目標對社會連結感的影響，會分別受到正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲的完全中介；在『低關愛高自我』類型下，關愛目標對社會連結感的影響，會受到他人慈悲的完全中介；在『低關愛低自我』類型下，關愛目標對社會連結感的影響，會分別受到正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲的完全中介。本研究針對大學生的輔導與諮商工作以及助人專業者的自我照顧提出相應的建議，另外從研究對象、研究工具以及研究方法等方面討論了本研究的限制，最後根據學術的需要，討論了未來研究的方向。

The present study aimed to investigate whether the influences of compassionate and self-image goals on social connectedness were mediated by the effects of mindfulness, self-compassion and compassion for others. With a convenience sample of 309 college students, the study was carried out based on questionnaires; and the collected data were analyzed by frequency distribution, MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis. The study found out that: 1. college students’ compassionate goals, self-image goals, mindfulness, self-compassion, compassion for others, and social connectedness are significantly different between different genders, relationships, family rankings, family incomes, association experiences, help-seeking experiences; 2. college students’ mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others can significantly positively predict social connectedness respectively; college students’ attention, self-kindness, and kindness can significantly positively predict social connectedness; college students’ self-judgment, isolation, and disengagement can significantly negatively predict social connectedness; 3. college students’ mindfulness, self-compassion, compassion for others, and social connectedness are significantly different between different “compassionate and self-image goal styles”; 4.among the “high compassionate and low self-image goal style” students, the influences of compassionate goals on social connectedness would be mediated totally by the mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others; among the “low compassionate and high self-image goal style” students, the influences of compassionate goals on social connectedness would be mediated totally by the compassion for others; among the “low compassionate and low self-image goal style” students, the influences of compassionate goals on social connectedness would be mediated totally by the mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others. The suggestions for the empirical work on college students’ guidance, the self-care for helping professionals were proposed. Meanwhile, limitations with regard to the research subjects, instruments, and methodology, and implications for future academic research were also addressed.