女子競技體操裁判員評分優質化之探討
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2013
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自1896年國際體操聯盟F.I.G (Federation of International Gymnastics)成立，並確定競賽規程辦法，在同年所舉行之第一屆奧運會，將競技體操列為正式比賽項目。1952年女子競技體操確定為四個項目，包括跳馬、高低槓、平衡木、地板。比賽中，選手整套動作實施所得之結果，需同時透過多名裁判員從不同角度，精準、合理、公平為選手進行判決。本研究之目的旨在探討女子競技體操裁判員評分實務知識與相關因素，以瞭解F.I.G女子競技體操評分規則，及目前國內女子裁判員評分之情形。透過女子競技體操裁判員評分過程各面向問題，以8名女子裁判員質性訪談，深入剖析比賽前評分準備，比賽中評分細節，比賽後評分協調，對評分優質化看法與期待，以期提供更好評分機制，結果顯示：一、精熟規則及賽前協調講習，讓評分更趨合理與公平；二、依女子競技體操各項目動作內容、難度與完成程度給予正確評判；三、當判決未一致時，裁判員經協調取得一致評判觀點以達成評分共識，讓評分更公平；四、強化專業知能，經學習與經驗累積，讓評分品質愈趨穩定。
關鍵詞：競技體操、體操裁判、評分規則
Ever since the F.I.G. (Federation of International Gymnastics) was established in 1896 and made competition regulations for the First Olympics in the same year, gymnastics has become the official apparatus. In 1952, four women’s artistic gymnastics apparatus were certain, including Vault, Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, and Floor Exercise. The performances have to be judged by different judges from different angles: precision, equitableness, fairness. This research aims to find the pragmatic knowledge and relative factors on the score of women’s artistic gymnastics judges and understand F.I.G. regulations and how judges worknow. 8 female judges were interviewed with their preparation before the games, score details during it, and co-ordination after, their views and expectations on advanced and better score mechanism. The results show: 1.Mastering the rules and joining pre-game coordination help reasonable scoring. 2. Judges can correctly evaluate each content, difficulty, and perfection. 3. Judges must consult to reach a common consensus. 4.Enhancement of professional expertise and accumulation experiences make score quality stable. Keyword: artistic gymnastics, gymnastic judge, score regulation
Ever since the F.I.G. (Federation of International Gymnastics) was established in 1896 and made competition regulations for the First Olympics in the same year, gymnastics has become the official apparatus. In 1952, four women’s artistic gymnastics apparatus were certain, including Vault, Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, and Floor Exercise. The performances have to be judged by different judges from different angles: precision, equitableness, fairness. This research aims to find the pragmatic knowledge and relative factors on the score of women’s artistic gymnastics judges and understand F.I.G. regulations and how judges worknow. 8 female judges were interviewed with their preparation before the games, score details during it, and co-ordination after, their views and expectations on advanced and better score mechanism. The results show: 1.Mastering the rules and joining pre-game coordination help reasonable scoring. 2. Judges can correctly evaluate each content, difficulty, and perfection. 3. Judges must consult to reach a common consensus. 4.Enhancement of professional expertise and accumulation experiences make score quality stable. Keyword: artistic gymnastics, gymnastic judge, score regulation
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Keywords
競技體操, 體操裁判, 評分規則, artistic gymnastics, gymnastic judge, score regulation