家長面對子女藥物濫用的心理歷程及因應經驗之探究

Abstract

本研究主旨在探討家長面對子女藥物濫用的心理歷程及其因應經驗。本研究以立意取樣方式，及半結構式問卷深度訪談七位有藥物濫用子女的家長，並邀請七位實務工作者進行訪談，將訪談資料整理成文本，並加以分析，本研究採質性研究內容分析法，研究結果發現，家長獲知子女藥物濫用會有震驚、生氣、嚇到、無助、難過、丟臉、否認、擔心的情緒反應，再來反思子女藥物濫用的原因，進而接納孩子藥物濫用的實情的心理歷程，家長勸孩子不要吸毒，孩子認為被家長質疑，不被信任，家長不了解孩子為什麼改不掉藥物濫用，孩子不聽話，家長不知道該怎麼教，親子溝通上有困境，家長進而改用開玩笑的方式和孩子交談，關心孩子、鼓勵孩子、放大孩子優點，也有家長搬家、轉學，讓孩子遠離原本環境的因應策略，以及家長尋求學校、心理諮商、醫療、警察、少年調查官、社工、參加家長支持團體、宗教信仰的社會資源協助孩子的經驗。專家表示家長在得知孩子吸毒時，需正視孩子藥物濫用問題，平時觀察孩子可疑行跡，找正事給孩子做，讓孩子沒有時間藥物濫用，盡快走出來找專業人員提供相關資源協助，才能讓孩子早日脫離毒癮，回歸正常生活。

The current study explores the experiences of parents regarding illegal drug abuse by their children, focusing on the parental psychological process, as well as the various coping styles employed by parents in order to help their children. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, purposive sampling, conducting, organizing, and analyzing in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven parents of illegal drug-abusing adolescents, along with seven experienced practitioners in the field. Results indicate that the majority of parents participating in the study report feelings of shock upon discovering that their child is a user of illicit drugs; some parents also reported feelings of anger, helplessness, sorrow, shame, guilt, denial, and worry. Furthermore, parents make attempts to understand why their child used illicit drugs, looking for ways to help them despite often concurrently reporting facing challenges and difficulties related to building trust, maintaining healthy communication, and proper implementation of strategies to aid their children. Coping styles utilized by parents include encouragement, emphasizing personal strengths of the child, transferring the child to another school, or even moving the family to a new locale. Parents also seek out a variety of social resources, including professional resources such as school teachers, psychological counselors, medical doctors, and social workers, as well as more informal assistance, for example attending meetings of parental or religious support groups. On the other hand, expert practitioners interviewed for the study suggest that parents face the child’s illegal drug abuse problem head-on, monitoring their child’s steps and filling their time with positive activities, and seek professional resources to help their child abstain from any further use of illicit drugs.