漢字設計於環保海報創作研究

Abstract

本研究試圖以中華文化特有的「漢字」元素運用於環保議題之相關海報創作研究，藉由國人所熟識的漢字，作為傳遞的橋樑。並企圖呈現出更深一層的環保觀念，探索新的可能性。 研究方法主要以文獻分析法與創作實驗法進行。先以文獻瞭解環保議題的關注焦點，以利後續在創作上的主題設定，再歸納出漢字海報造型的表現形式。 在漢字相關的文獻分析中，將部份對於漢字的相關文獻做一分析歸納後，瞭解到漢字海報在造型上約可分為「組字成形」、「替代筆畫」、「組圖成字」、「字圖融合」、「共構組形」、「虛實組形」、「連字組形」與「層疊組形」等八種漢字海報造型的組合手法。而最終所呈現的創作表現形式方法又可分為「字表意」、「字圖共存」、「意象表意」與「音同字異」等四種漢字海報的創作表現形式。最終將歸納之漢字海報造型與創作表現形式的分類，運用於後續相關環保海報的案例檢視。 本研究收集之案例主要以2005～2013年間之公開性的展覽、書籍或大賽創作…等相關漢字主題為主的創作作品，共計485件，最終再篩選出以環保為主題的案例共21件。再利用文獻所分析歸納出的漢字海報造形與創作表現形式來檢視，以瞭解現有漢字環保海報，是運用何種造形手法與創作表現形式作為呈現。 最終分析現有漢字環保海報案例後發現，在漢字造型上運用使用了「組字成形」、「組圖成字」、「字圖融合」與「層疊組形」...等既有的手法；而其中發現部份創作無法被歸納於現有的分類當中，屬於另一種較為不同的「複合」手法。它是一種將既有的八種形態，做一複數混搭或自由的運用的組合，較不受限也難以歸類，故本研究稱為「複合式」。故共計五種漢字海報造型運用於環保海報上。 在案例分析後，最終瞭解現有漢字環保海報所運用的造形手法共有五種；而漢字創作表現形式則為三種。故在後續創作試驗上，則以「組字成形」、「組圖成字」、「字圖融合」、「層疊組形」與「複合式」等手法，運用於最終的創作研究之上。最終試驗創作共計15幅漢字環保海報。另將創作表現形式的方法，作為本研究創作完成後的檢視用途。

This study explores how elements of Chinese characters, a unique cultural heritage shared by people across Taiwan, are applied to eco-awareness posters as a means of communication with the audience, as well as how environmental concepts can be taken to the next level and to explore new possibilities. Both literature review and experimental art projects are the primary research methods in this study. By reviewing relevant literature, this study’s author identified major environmental concerns to determine the theme of his poster project accordingly, and then categorized different approaches to Chinese character formation. Besides the four ideographic representation approaches: pictorial representation, non-pictorial representation, pictorial and non-pictorial mixtures, and pronunciation-based representation, the author (through analyzing and summarizing previous studies on Chinese characters) identified eight approaches to Chinese character formation i.e., compound-character formations, replaced strokes, multi-pictograph characters, pictorial and non-pictorial mixtures, complex formations, reality-virtuality mixture, ligature, and layered formations. Based on such categorization of formation and representation approaches, the author examined a selection of eco-awareness posters in case studies. The case studies involved 21 environmentalist posters selected out of 485 Chinese characters-themed ones featured in open exhibitions, publications or design competitions during 2005-2013. The 21 selected posters were examined using Chinese character formation and ideographic representation approaches derived from the literature review in order to identify which approaches are employed in eco-awareness posters nowadays. The final analysis of this study concluded that ‘pictorial compounds,’ ‘multi-pictograph characters,’ ‘pictorial and non-pictorial mixtures’ and ‘layered formations’ are currently the Chinese character formation approaches favored by eco-awareness poster artists. The unconventional and relatively unrestricted approach adopted by some of the artists, nevertheless, do not fit in any of the established categories and is described by this study’s author as ‘freestyle compounds,’ which mixes and matches two or more of the eight aforementioned patterns for freestyle variations. In other words, totally five Chinese character formation approaches have been identified in eco-awareness posters. As the case studies suggest, currently five Chinese character formation approaches and three ideographic representation approaches are adopted by eco-awareness poster artists. This study’s author completed his experimental poster project using four of those approaches (i.e., ‘pictorial compounds,’ ‘multi-pictograph characters,’ ‘pictorial and non-pictorial mixtures,’ ‘layered formations,’ and ‘freestyle compounds’) and subsequently examined it according to the ideographic representation methods he identified. Finally, results of a total of 15 test creations.