新北市高中職生休閒參與生活壓力與憂鬱程度相關因素之探討

Abstract

研究旨在探討高中職生休閒參與、生活壓力對於憂鬱程度之相關因素，採分層集束抽樣抽出三所高中和三所高職，共456人為樣本，以結構式問卷進行調查，研究重要發現如下： 一、研究對象之休閒參與整體情形屬中下程度，「娛樂型」休閒參與較多；生活壓力偏低，屬「很少困擾」的程度，「學習壓力」、「校園生活壓力」及「自我期許壓力」為主要生活壓力，而約近一半的人屬高憂鬱程度者。 二、研究對象中的社會人口學變項中，「學制」、「性別」、「家庭社經地位」與休閒參與有關，高中生、女生、高社經地位者休閒參與較多，「學制」、「性別」與生活壓力有關，其中高中生、男生之生活壓力較大，而只有「學制」與憂鬱程度有關，其中高中生憂鬱程度較高。 三、研究對象休閒參與與生活壓力整體而言無顯著相關，但參與「閒意型」休閒越多者，其整體生活壓力就越大；而整體的休閒參與越多者，其學習壓力也越大。另外，「閒意型」休閒參與越多者，其憂鬱程度越高；而「家庭家人生活壓力」、「經濟壓力」、「學習壓力」、「校園生活壓力」、「自我期許壓力」、「人際互動壓力」越大者，其憂鬱程度越高。 四、研究對象社會人口學變項休閒參與、生活壓力能有效預測其憂鬱程度，並可解釋其總變異數量之43.7%，其中「社交型」、「娛樂型」休閒參與及「自我期許壓力」、「學習壓力」「人際關係壓力」等為主要預測變項，並以「自我期許壓力」最具有解釋力。研究結果顯示「社交型」與「娛樂型」休閒參與越佳，憂鬱程度越小；而「自我期許壓力」、「人際關係壓力」與「學習壓力」越大，則憂鬱程度越大。 根據以上結果可提供教育、衛生單位日後探討青少年憂鬱程度之參考。

The main purpose of this study is to explore the leisure participation, life stress, depression and related factors among the senior high school and vocational high school students in New Taipei City. By using a cross-sectional survey, we decided to sample each grade level from three senior high school and three vocational high school students respectively and there are total 456 samples in this study. Using a self-designed, 90% of all questionnaires, the key points are summarized as follows: 1. The frequency of leisure participation for senior high school and vocational high school is medium-low and most of the participants take part in “entertainment” participation. The participants who have less life stress have fewer worries. "Learning pressure", "campus life stress" and "self-expectations pressure" are the major sources of life stress. Nearly half of them are in a high degree of depression.

2. In the study of the social-demographic distribution, "school system", "gender", and "socioeconomic status" are related to leisure participation. The variables of the high school students, girls, and high socioeconomic status show more leisure participation. "School system" and "gender" are related to life stress. The variables of the high school students and boys show more life stress, but only "school system" is related to depression. Study also shows that high school students have higher degree of depression.

3. In general, there is no significant correlation among leisure participation, life stress and depression, however, participants who engage in more “indoor static” activities tend to have more life stress. Overall, those who take part in leisure participation more tend to have more “learning stress”. In addition, participants who engage in more “indoor static” activities have higher degree of depression. Those who have more “family life pressure”, “economic pressure”, “learning pressure”, “campus life pressure”, “self-expectations pressure”, and “interpersonal pressure” tend to have higher degree of depression.

4. The study of social demographic variables of leisure participation and life stress could predict the degree of depression and explain 43.7% of its total variance. "Social type" and "entertainment type" of leisure participation and "self-expectations pressure", "learning pressure", and "interpersonal pressure" are the main predictors. "Self-expectations pressure" has the most explanatory power. The study showed that the more of "social" and "entertainment" leisure participation they take part in, the lower degree of depression they have. The more of "self-expectations pressure", "interpersonal stress" and "learning stress" they have, the greater degree of depression they get.

Based on the results above, this study could serve as a reference for education or health units to explore the extent of adolescent depression in the future.