柏拉圖「費多篇」哲學內涵述評

Abstract

Based on original Greek text, this paper proposes a philosophical hermeneia on Plato's dialogue Phaedo. After a brief evaluation of the historical importance and scrutinization of the content of the dialogue, this paper proceeds to the discussion of the following topics:First of all, the significance of aisthesis in the formation of human knowledge is dealt in Part III. In Phaedo, aisthesis plays two phenomenologically antithetical roles in man's grasping truth. On the one hand, aisthesis, as related to body but not to soul, gives us the confusing and inaccurate impression of the phenomenon, and thus constitutes the hindrance from the acquisition of true knowledge. On the other hand, Plato emphasizes the importance of aisthesis in his recollection theory, and regards it as a clue to remind us of the forgotten ideas we had seen in the world of ideas before our birth. However, the dialectical synthesis of these two position is not treated in this dialogue. Part IV discusses the theory of learning as recollection in Phaedo. According to Plato, human soul, preoccuppied with proeidenai (a priori knowledge), recollects the forgotten ideas through the clue of sensation. Thus theory of recollection seems to indicate the liaison between intelligibles and sensibles, which liaison strongly binds the dependence of sensibles to intelligibles.The metaphysical foundation of Plato's theory of recollection is theory of ideas, which is expounded in the fifth part. Ideas as intelligiblia, are pure, eternal, immortal. Sensible things, undergoing Changes, are incomplete, destructible. Ideas play the role of prototype, which participates in the world of sensibilia, and mrake the sensibilia as their form-copies.The theory of idea is the strongest reason for the demonstration of Plato's immortality of human soul. Accordingly, the explanatory power of idea and hypothetical methodology of Plato are discussed in Parts VI & VII. In contrast to Prosocratic aetiotocical and mechanistic explanati