從室內設計的觀點論建築物室內潮濕問題 -以改造深受潮濕困擾的40年老屋為例
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2014
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台灣氣候高溫多雨，又常有地震產生，再加上過去防水工程品質不佳，缺乏通風設計的觀念，建築物滲漏水等潮濕問題相當普遍，進而危及建築物結構安全以及居住者的身體健康。
室內設計師進行房屋裝修時，經常需處理潮濕問題，尤其是老舊建築物，各項潮濕問題更是積重難返，原因錯綜複雜，不易克服。或是由於成本考量，或是保固期間過短，或是缺乏專業知識，潮濕問題通常未能徹底解決，成為室內裝修最常發生爭議的議題。
本研究遂從室內設計的觀點來探討建築物室內潮濕問題，藉由本研究多年參與室內設計工程的經驗，依據歷年所見之室內空間潮濕問題，透過學理研究與實地現況調查，了解其問題根源所在，經觀察分析後，提出具體的構思及治理對策。並運用前述研究為依據，對一間深受潮濕困擾的40年老屋進行改造。採用的研究方法為文獻資料分析法與案例研究法。
本論文研究之後發現，縱然潮濕問題起因眾多，涉及領域相當廣泛。本研究深入研究後發現室內設計師只要根據以下方法，即能掌握引發潮濕的根源，並對症下藥，徹底解決潮濕問題：
一、認識與潮濕相關的基本知識
欲解決潮濕問題，首先需知悉與潮濕相關的基本知識，例如：造成室內潮濕的來源、水入侵原理、白華現象、防水工法、防水材料及通風原理等知識，這些知識乃是從事防潮設計的基礎。
二、熟悉室內裝修各項工法
多數潮濕問題係源自施工瑕疵所致，然而國內許多室內設計師卻不熟悉室內裝修的工法與程序，工地實務經驗不足，自難以正確找到建築物潮濕的原因，遑論確實解決潮濕問題。故設計師應熟捻室內裝修的各項工法，始能有能力判斷潮濕問題的原因。
三、研究建築物常見的潮濕案例
國內外針對建築物潮濕案例很多，設計師也藉由案例研究，瞭解建築物發生潮濕問題的原因，以及克服相關問題的作法。
四、針對個案提出因應設計
由於潮濕問題態樣繁多，有些還有複合的原因，需運用前述知識與經驗，針對個案深入探究發生的原因，始能提出因應的設計。
五、施工後檢驗
建築物防潮工程完工後，還需進行查核與檢測，施工期間遇到嚴厲氣候（例如：颱風、暴雨、酷熱、地震等）還需檢視原來的問題是否仍然存在，以確保潮濕問題已經確實克服。
The climate in Taiwan generally features high temperature and heavy rainfall. In early days, it was quite common to be met with indoor moisture problems due to lack of ventilation and poor quality of waterproof construction in buildings, which might endanger the safety of the buildings and health of inhabitants. Interior designers often face the moisture problems when furnishing houses, especially for old-aged buildings. Therefore, problems in dampness usually become the most common disputable issue in interior decoration due to limiting cost, short-term warranty, and lack of professional knowledge. There are a number of reasons for dampness that covers a wide range of knowledge. This research discovers that interior designers may completely solve the indoor moisture problems as long as they grasp roots of dampness by following methods. 1.Learning basic knowledge of dampness To learn basic knowledge related to dampness is the first step to solve the problems, such as reasons for indoor moisture, water intrusion, efflorescence, methods and materials of waterproof, and ventilation. All of these are the basis for a design of dampness-proof. 2.Knowing methods of interior decoration Most problems in dampness result from defects in construction. Some interior designers are not familiar with interior decoration and construction, so they cannot accurately discover reasons for dampness, not to mention their capability to solve dampness. Therefore, they should be equipped with various methods in interior decoration to judge causes of dampness. 3.Study common cases in dampness There are many cases, foreign and domestic, in dampness, and interior designers may understand reasons leading to moisture problems in buildings and methods to solve them through case studies. 4.Provide solutions on individual case Since dampness results from various reasons, some even have complex causes. Interior designers must apply aforementioned knowledge and experiences to provide solutions to an individual case. 5.Examination after construction After construction of dampness-proof is completed, examination and test are needed to ensure that all indoor moisture problems have been solved. The extreme climate, such as typhoon, storm, heat, and earthquake, are a mechanism of natural examination to help interior designers to check whether or not the original dampness problems have been solved.
The climate in Taiwan generally features high temperature and heavy rainfall. In early days, it was quite common to be met with indoor moisture problems due to lack of ventilation and poor quality of waterproof construction in buildings, which might endanger the safety of the buildings and health of inhabitants. Interior designers often face the moisture problems when furnishing houses, especially for old-aged buildings. Therefore, problems in dampness usually become the most common disputable issue in interior decoration due to limiting cost, short-term warranty, and lack of professional knowledge. There are a number of reasons for dampness that covers a wide range of knowledge. This research discovers that interior designers may completely solve the indoor moisture problems as long as they grasp roots of dampness by following methods. 1.Learning basic knowledge of dampness To learn basic knowledge related to dampness is the first step to solve the problems, such as reasons for indoor moisture, water intrusion, efflorescence, methods and materials of waterproof, and ventilation. All of these are the basis for a design of dampness-proof. 2.Knowing methods of interior decoration Most problems in dampness result from defects in construction. Some interior designers are not familiar with interior decoration and construction, so they cannot accurately discover reasons for dampness, not to mention their capability to solve dampness. Therefore, they should be equipped with various methods in interior decoration to judge causes of dampness. 3.Study common cases in dampness There are many cases, foreign and domestic, in dampness, and interior designers may understand reasons leading to moisture problems in buildings and methods to solve them through case studies. 4.Provide solutions on individual case Since dampness results from various reasons, some even have complex causes. Interior designers must apply aforementioned knowledge and experiences to provide solutions to an individual case. 5.Examination after construction After construction of dampness-proof is completed, examination and test are needed to ensure that all indoor moisture problems have been solved. The extreme climate, such as typhoon, storm, heat, and earthquake, are a mechanism of natural examination to help interior designers to check whether or not the original dampness problems have been solved.
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室內潮濕問題, 滲漏水, 室內設計, moisture problem on indoor, leakage, interior design