應用工程設計思考的STEM專題本位學習活動對職前科技教師工程設計思考之影響
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2016
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本研究的主要目的著重在探究透過「工程設計流程」與「問題解決流程」的教授應用工程設計思考的「STEM專題本位學習之鼠夾車實作活動」，以了解職前科技教師工程設計思考之認知結構。而為了達到此一目的，本研究主要採用準實驗研究法，並針對臺北市某一所師資培育機構自然與生活科技科的職前科技教師為對象，其中實驗組為15人、控制組為13人。在前後測的評量方面以「語意流程圖析法」將訪談內容繪製成語意流程圖，並配合內容分析法藉以分析職前科技教師的認知結構及訊息處理模式，針對符合工程設計思考流程的標竿個案進行分析探討，以進一步了解理想的職前科技教師所應具備的工程設計思考之認知結構。研究結果發現兩種教學法對於職前科技教師的測驗，不論認知結構的「量」與「質」及訊息處理策略的遷移均有進步效果，但是兩者之間在統計上並沒有顯著的差異；而標竿個案職前科技教師在高階訊息處理策略的使用和認知結構的可得性上仍有進步空間。依據本研究資料分析的結果，主要獲致以下研究結論：（1）職前科技教師的工程設計思考之認知結構於可得性及高階訊息處理策略有待強化；（2）工程設計流程有助於職前科技教師工程設計思考之認知結構和訊息處理策略，但效果仍有待強化；（3）標竿個案在認知結構各面向大致完整，但於高階訊息處理策略仍可再做進一步加強。
This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental research design. The subjects were from National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei. Fifteen preservice technology teachers were assigned to experimental group, while thirteen preservice technology teachers were assigned to control group. The study is respectively constructed by “engineering-designed instruction” and “problem-solving instruction” methods. In order to take engineering design thinking into practice, “STEM project-based learning for the mousetrap car” as introduced. Before and after the teaching process, the researcher interviewed all preservice technology teachers with the “flow maps” method. The interview data were then plotted as “flow maps” in order to analyze the preservice technology teachers’ cognitive structures and information processing models. Moreover, the cognitive structures and the information processing strategies were also investigated through a series of content analysis. This research was also an accordance of the preservice technology teachers' narrative toward engineering design thinking of concepts in the benchmark case. The research analize the completeness of the conceptual target and the data of each construction.This research displayed that the preservice technology teachers’ test scores in both teaching methods in “Engineering Design Thinking” section was exhibited significant improvement, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. The main findings feature: (1) The concepts with “availability” and “higher-level information processing strategies” need to be enhanced. (2) The engineering-designed instruction is effective to enhance preservice technology teachers’ concept learning and knowledge construction, but the effect remains to be strengthened. (3) The preservice technology teachers who are will known success in engineering design thinking but need to improve their “higher-level information processing strategies”.
This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental research design. The subjects were from National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei. Fifteen preservice technology teachers were assigned to experimental group, while thirteen preservice technology teachers were assigned to control group. The study is respectively constructed by “engineering-designed instruction” and “problem-solving instruction” methods. In order to take engineering design thinking into practice, “STEM project-based learning for the mousetrap car” as introduced. Before and after the teaching process, the researcher interviewed all preservice technology teachers with the “flow maps” method. The interview data were then plotted as “flow maps” in order to analyze the preservice technology teachers’ cognitive structures and information processing models. Moreover, the cognitive structures and the information processing strategies were also investigated through a series of content analysis. This research was also an accordance of the preservice technology teachers' narrative toward engineering design thinking of concepts in the benchmark case. The research analize the completeness of the conceptual target and the data of each construction.This research displayed that the preservice technology teachers’ test scores in both teaching methods in “Engineering Design Thinking” section was exhibited significant improvement, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. The main findings feature: (1) The concepts with “availability” and “higher-level information processing strategies” need to be enhanced. (2) The engineering-designed instruction is effective to enhance preservice technology teachers’ concept learning and knowledge construction, but the effect remains to be strengthened. (3) The preservice technology teachers who are will known success in engineering design thinking but need to improve their “higher-level information processing strategies”.
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工程設計流程, 工程設計思考, 語意流程圖, STEM, 專題本位學習, Engineering-Designed Instruction, Engineering Design Thinking, Flow Maps, STEM, PBL