非營利媒體實踐關懷倫理的敘事研究

Abstract

本研究乃採敘事研究法，首先，以自我敘說來探究身為基督徒的自己，十八年來投入非營利媒體創辦行動以實踐關懷的歷程；之後，以敘事訪談來探究非營利媒體needs團隊成員以媒體行動實踐關懷的歷程；最後，建立研究資料庫以敘事分析法來探究中華華美媒體傳播協會needs媒體十四年來實踐關懷的歷程及策略，據此來驗證崇托關懷倫理五階段的實踐。 本研究討論如下： 個人實踐關懷的歷程，對照崇托和諾丁關懷倫理學的三個觀點，歸納為基督徒媒體人關懷實踐的三點討論： 一、「我與上帝有相依存的關係」作爲基督徒媒體人關懷實踐的前提。二、基督徒媒體人以「關懷實踐」來處理「與上帝的相互關係」。三、基督徒媒體人以「關懷實踐」爲基礎，以建立「關懷社會」爲目的。從崇托《道德界限》與《關懷民主》等著作的觀點，探看並討論五項在實作情境中的非營利媒體傳播行動之相互作用：一、非營利媒體的存續是關懷觀點「互爲依存的」事實。二、非營利媒體滿足「需求」切近於關懷之政治實踐，三、非營利媒體工作者被視為是在「道德參與」的狀態。四、非營利媒體以媒體行動降低「關懷危機」。五、「崇托關懷倫理」與「使用和滿足理論」的互為表裡。 本研究結論如下： 壹、非營利媒體基督徒創辦人(我本人)實踐關懷的歷程：一、學習廣播之路，體會實踐神學與關懷倫理學的結合。二、主持婦女節目，體會「母育行思」就是關懷倫理濃縮精練的實踐。三、成立needs RADIO，認同廣播媒體的特性適用於關懷倫理的實踐。四、needs團隊是生命共同體，一起尋求關懷倫理的實踐。五、成立Stars RADIO星蹤之愛廣播網，因為關懷倫理乃社會正義的基礎。六、在專業學術領域持續深造，體會上帝是實踐全人關懷的好神和好父親。七、建設八里媒體基地，就是一種關懷行動。貳、非營利媒體(needs媒體)廣播節目製播人實踐關懷的歷程：第一階段關心的意識：製播人自身專業能洞察問題或人生經歷能同理需求。第二階段照料的責任：製播人反思自己可以做什麼，定位自身的責任和角色。第三階段關懷的行動：製播人為有需要的對象受眾設計廣播節目的內容。第四階段受關懷的回應：製播人感動於聽友來賓的回應與察覺製播節目的影響力。第五階段關懷的一致性：製播人設定製播過程所需要堅守的倫理原則。參、非營利媒體(needs媒體)實踐崇托關懷倫理五階段的歷程：第一階段關心的意識：needs媒體進行社會觀察，意識到提昇華人的素質是一個全球性及時代性的需要、意識到不同需要的族群需要長期專屬的支持系統、意識到高齡者迫切所需是身心的尊嚴、意識到婦女角色是社會安定的力量。第二階段照料的責任：needs媒體願意付上為全球華人、有需要的族群、高齡者、婦女族群需求發聲的倡議責任，並決定用媒體專業的行動來回應。第三階段關懷的行動：needs媒體以傳播媒介「廣播」、「劇場」、「音樂欣賞」、「研討會」等方式進行全球華人、獨特族群、高齡者、婦女族群的關懷行動。第四階段受關懷的評估：九成以上的聽友認為needs媒體符合關懷倫理的實踐；needs製播人則回應生命成長、倍受感動、感謝支持及肯定專業能力。第五階段關懷一致性：needs媒體堅持非營利及不對價的原則，並邀請關懷理念一致的伙伴共同加入以媒體進行社會關懷的行列。

This study adopts a narrative research method. First, it uses self-narration to explore the process of being a Christian and engaging in the creation of non-profit media to practice care over the past eighteen years. Then, it uses narrative interviews to explore the members of the non-profit media needs team. The process of practicing caring through media actions; finally, a research database is established to use narrative analysis to explore the process and strategies of the needs media of the Chinese American Media Communication Association in the past fourteen years of practicing caring, and based on this, the practice of the five stages of Chongtuo caring ethics is verified. This study discusses the following : The process of personal care practice is summarized into three points of discussion on the care practice of Christian media people by comparing the three perspectives of Chongto and Nordin care ethics: 1."I have an interdependent relationship with God" as a Christian media person Prerequisites for caring practice. 2. Christian media people use "caring practice" to deal with "interrelationship with God." 3. Christian media people are based on "caring practice" and aim to build a "caring society". From the perspective of Chongtuo's "Moral Boundaries" and "Caring for Democracy" and other works, explore and discuss the interaction of five non-profit media communication actions in practical situations: 1. The survival of non-profit media is the"interaction" of the caring perspective is a dependent fact. 2. Non-profit media meets "needs" and is close to the political practice of care. 3. Non-profit media workers are regarded as being in a state of "moral participation." 4. Non-profit media use media actions to reduce the "care crisis". 5. The mutual understanding between "the ethics of care" and "use and gratification theory". The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The journey of practicing caring as a Christian founder of non-profit media (myself): (1). Learning the path of broadcasting and experiencing the combination of practical theology and caring ethics.(2). Host women's programs and realize that "maternal thinking" is a condensed and refined practice of caring ethics. (3). Establish needs RADIO and recognize that the characteristics of broadcast media are suitable for the practice of care ethics. (4). The needs team is a community of life, seeking the practice of caring ethics together. (5). Establish Stars RADIO Star Trace Love Broadcasting Network, because the ethics of care is the foundation of social justice. (6). Continue further studies in professionaland academic fields, and realize that God is a good God and a good father who cares for all people. (7). The construction of Bali Media Base is an act of care. 2. The process of practicing caring by non-profit media (needs media) radio program producers: the first stage of"caring about": producers and broadcasters can have insight into problems or empathize with needs through their own professional experience or life experience. The second stage of "caring for": producers and broadcasters reflect on iv what they can do and position their own responsibilities and roles. The third stage of "care giving": producers and broadcasters design the content of radio programs for target audiences in need. The fourth stage is "care receiving": The producer is moved by the response of the audience and guests and realizes the influence of the program. The fifth stage of"caring with": The producer sets the ethical principles that need to be adhered to during the production and broadcasting process. Refer to the five-stage process of non-profit media (needs media) practicing Chongto’s ethics of care: the first stage of "caring about": needs media conducts social observation and realizes that improving the quality of Chinese people is a global and contemporary need. Ethnic groups with different needs need long-term exclusive support systems, realize that the elderly urgently need physical and mental dignity, and realize that the role of women is a force for social stability. The second stage of"caring for": needs media is willing to assume the initiative responsibility of speaking out for the needs of the global Chinese, needy groups, seniors, and women, and decides to respond with professional media actions. The third stage of "care giving": Needs Media uses the media "broadcast", "theater", "music appreciation", "seminars" and other methods to carry out caring actions for the global Chinese, unique ethnic groups, seniors, and women. The fourth stage of "care receiving": More than 90% of the listeners believe that needs media conforms to the practice of caring ethics; needs producers responded that they have grown in life, are deeply moved, appreciate the support, and affirm their professional abilities. The fifth stage of"caring with": needs media adheres to the principles of non-profit and non-reciprocity, and invites partners with similar caring concepts to join the ranks of social care through media.