清水平原中小型都市發展與機能轉變

Abstract

本研究主要探討清水平原地區的中小型都市發展與機能特色。由清代到民國104年，街肆、市街到都市市區發展的歷程及機能的轉變。研究中透過文獻資料、疊圖分析，初步了解不同時期的市街發展與空間變遷；並且統計商工名錄、電話號碼簿資料，歸納機能特色與分析機能的轉變。研究結果發現： 第一、清代聚落的形成與自然環境密切相關。隨著漢人開墾與港口的發展，街肆興起；加以交通戰略地位重要，設置軍事部門，日常生活物品交易頻繁，商業盛行，中地機能顯著，帶動街肆擴張、人口成長。 第二、日治時期市街持續擴張，初期、中期市街仍以中地機能為主；後期工廠組織、新式工業發展，商業、製造業機能兼具，都市出現，商業活動更為熱絡。 第三、日治後期、戰後工業發展，市區快速擴張，機能轉變。民國60年以前清水、沙鹿、梧棲主要機能特色為食品餐飲，清水、沙鹿市區提供較高等級服務；民國60~80年間臺中港設置及臺中港特定區計畫實施，梧棲轉為行車運輸機能，提供服務等級略有成長，但仍以清水、沙鹿市區提供較高等級服務。民國80年以後清水、沙鹿仍為食品餐飲機能，梧棲為行車運輸機能，大肚、龍井的金屬、化學工業等製造業機能發展，提供服務等級已有成長。 綜合而言，在清水平原都市發展的過程中，執政者的行政策略與交通革新具有相當關鍵的影響；在全球化影響之下，加上兩岸的交流，產業及工廠外移，作為仍以提供日常生活物品、維生活動為主的中小型都市，成長緩慢。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and functional transformation in the medium and small size cities of Cingshuei Plain from Ch`ing Dynasty to 2015. Literature, papers, and overlay analysis were first conducted to preliminarily understand the change of space distribution and the development of market square in these cities at different times. Then, statistics from Industrial and Commercial Directory and the Telephone Directory after World War II were collected and analyzed to comprehend the functional features and transformation. The main findings are as follows: I. Close relations between the formation of settlements in Ch`ing Dynasty and the natural environment. With the land reclamation and the development of harbors by the Han Chinese, the market square rose and developed. Military departments were then established because of the importance of the traffic and military strategy of these settlements. As trading activities prospered accordingly, the central place function of market square was significant and thus the population grew. II. The expansion of towns continued in Japanese colonial period. At the initial and middle stage of this period, the towns still owned central place function. At the later stage, with the establishment of industrial organizations, the development of new-type industries, and the function of commerce and manufacturing, the towns gradually grew into cities, where commercial activities were more prosperous, and hence, the central place function of these cities strengthened. III. Rapid expansion of downtown areas in cities in Cingshuei Plain resulted from the industrial development at the later stage of Japanese colonial period and the post-Second-World-War period. Before 1971, "Food and Catering" was the main function in Cingshuei, Shalu and Wuchi. Among them, Cingshuei and Shalu also provided higher-level services for Cingshuei Plain. From 1971 to 1991, the establishment of Taichung Harbor and the Taichung Harbor Special District Plan turned the main function of Wuchi into “Automotive and Transportation” while Cingshuei and Shalu still provided higher-level services. After 1991, functions varied from city to city: "Food and Catering" in Cingshuei and Shalu, "Automotive and Transportation" in Wuchi, and "Metals and Chemical Industry" in Dadu and Longjing. At this stage, Wuchi, Dadu, and Longjing provided higher level of services. Briefly speaking, government policies and transportation evolution have had crucial impact on the development of cities in Cingshuei Plain. Due to globalization, cross-strait interaction and offshore migration of industry, these cities, which mainly provide daily commodities and subsistence activities, grow slowly.