歷史小說於高中歷史教育之運用︰以《陳澄波密碼》為例

Abstract

《陳澄波密碼》是一本歷史小說，也是「臺灣歷史小說獎」自開辦以來第一個獲得首獎的一本小說。小說的內容是在撰寫當時日本時代台灣第一代西畫家，也是在二二八事件受難者陳澄波一生的故事。小說的名稱不說「傳記」反而稱呼「密碼」，實為在陳澄波的畫作中隱含著他對土地和人民深厚的情感。然而以在當時的時空背景下，陳澄波究竟是不是左翼美術家？他有左翼思想嗎？他的左翼思想是怎麼產生的呢？以及對處在那個時代下的青年來說，他們在國族的想像下很難不產生「我究竟是誰？」、「我將往哪裡去？」等疑惑。從新歷史主義的理論，「歷史」充滿斷層，是由論述所構成。若將《陳澄波密碼》歷史小說用在中等學校高中歷史課堂中，教師如何幫助學生從小說的思維轉換到歷史學科的思維？是否能將新歷史主義的理論依據用在教學活動裡，以達成培養學生對歷史思維和史學觀察能力的教學目標，進而產生「歷史理解」？並同時培養出對歷史小說的喜愛和興趣？民國108年（2019）在國民中小學新的學年度開始，十二年國教新課程綱要正式上路。以「因材施教」、「適性揚才」，進而「成就每一個孩子」為教育核心的理念和價值；以「核心素養」培養學生成為終身學習者，發展全人教育的基本精神；以「自發」、「互動」、「共好」的教育理念，強調以學生為學習主體，是自發主動的學習者。此時教師需要轉換教學心態以及對於課程的轉化，選擇適當的「學習重點」，使學生展現適切的「學習內容」，以進而實現「學習目標」，學生則必須體認到要主動學習，培養自己的素養能力。本論文將以《陳澄波密碼》歷史小說做為主要歷史資料的素材，輔以找尋跟陳澄波相關的資料，結合108新課綱的內容，說明小說運用在高中歷史課堂所產生的相關面向。因此將分別從第一章導論；第二章日治時期台灣美術的發展；第三章小說敘事策略分析；第四章探討陳澄波左翼青年、國族與108新課綱議題以及第五章十二年國民基本教育108新課綱的教育思考與應用和第六章結論等做為討論。筆者研究發現閱讀素養是培養閱讀理解，進而思考習慣的養成，是所有學習最重要的能力。對於新課綱訴求之一跨科、跨領域的學習方式，以此閱讀素養，學習怎麼學習的思考習慣，將可以幫助學生對於歷史小說《陳澄波密碼》產生「歷史理解」，進而藉由培養出的史學思維建構出「歷史」。"Chen Cheng-po Code" is a historical novel and the first novel to win the first prize since the "Taiwan Historical Novel Award" was launched. The content of the novel is about the life story of the first generation of Western painters in Taiwan during the Japanese era and the life of Chen Cheng-po, a victim of the 228 events. The name of the novel does not say "memior" but "code", which actually implies his deep feelings for the land and people in Chen Cheng-po 's paintings. However, in the timeand space background, was Chen Cheng-po a left-wing artist? Does he have left-wing thinking? How did his left-wing thinking come about? And for the young people in that era, it is difficult not to have doubts such as"Who am I?" and "Where am I going?" under the imagination of the nation. From the theory of New Historicism, "history" is full of faults and discourse. If the " Chen Cheng-po Code " historical novel is used in middle school and high school history classes, how can teachers help students switch from thinking in novels to thinking in history subjects? Can the theoretical basis of new historicism be used in teaching activities to achieve the teaching goal of cultivating students' historical thinking and historical observation ability, and then produce"historical understanding"? And at the same time cultivate a love and interest in historical novels?

In the beginning of the new school year of National Elementary and Secondary Schools in the Republic of Chinese in 2019 (2019), the new Curriculum Guidelines of 12-year Basic Education officially launched. "Teach students in accordance with their aptitude" and "appropriate talents", and then "achieve every child" as the core concept and value of education; use "core literacy" cultivate studentsto become life-long learners and develop the basic spirit of holistic education; to"self-initiate" The educational philosophy of "interaction" and "shared good" emphasizes that students are the main body of learning, and they are self-motivated learners. At this time, teachers need to change their teaching mentality and the transformation of courses, choose the appropriate "learning focus", so that students can show appropriate "learning content" in order to achieve the "learning goals", students must realize that they need to learn actively and cultivate Own literacy ability.This paper will use the historical novel " Chen Cheng-po Code " as the main historical materials, supplemented by searching for materials related to Chen Cheng-po, combined with the content of the 108 new syllabus, to illustrate the relevant aspects of the application of the novel in high school history classroom. Therefore, I will introduce the first chapter; the second chapter the Development of Taiwanese Art during the Japanese rule; the third chapter analysis of novel narrative strategies;the fourth chapter On Chen Cheng-po's Solid, Nation and 108 new syllabus issue; the fifth chapter educational thinking and application of the 108 new syllabus of the Twelve years of national basic education and the conclusion of Chapter 6 are discussed. The author's research found that reading literacy is the cultivation of reading comprehension and the formation of thinking habits, which is the most important ability for all learning. Regarding the cross-subject and cross-field learning method that the new syllabus appeals to, reading literacy and thinking habits of learning how to learn will help students develop a"historical understanding" of the historical novel " The Chen Cheng-po Code ", and then through the cultivated historical thinking to construct "history".