應用健康信念模式探討航空從業人員流感疫苗接種意圖及其相關因素

Abstract

航空運輸促進國際貿易與旅遊，也增加了傳染病全球蔓延的風險。航空業人員接種流感疫苗成為預防傳染病的重要措施，有助減少疫情擴散風險。本研究以健康信念模式為理論基礎，調查航空業從業人員接種流感疫苗的意圖、健康信念、行動線索，並探討能有效預測流感疫苗接種意圖的因素。本研究為橫斷式調查研究，研究對象為我國某航空公司員工，包括機師、空服員、隨機機務工程師及運務員。採立意取樣，透過線上表單，以結構式問卷收集資料，共回收260份有效樣本，作為分析的依據。使用複迴歸分析來評估各變項對流感疫苗接種意圖的預測力。本研究發現45%的研究對象曾有接種流感疫苗的經驗，曾接種流感疫苗者其流感疫苗接種意圖較未曾接種者高。複迴歸分析結果顯示，過去接種經驗、流感疫苗接種自我效能和行動線索是影響接種意圖的顯著預測因素，呈現正相關。研究結果顯示，過去的疫苗接種經驗、自我效能與行動線索對於提升個人接種流感疫苗的意圖具有顯著正向影響。建議針對目標族群，持續鼓勵定期接種流感疫苗，透過加強宣導，讓員工能持續接收正確的疫苗資訊，例如提供衛教資訊說明疫苗接種副作用，以提升接種意圖與接種率。

The aviation industry plays an essential role in facilitating international trade and tourism; however, the risk of infectious disease transmission is a health concern. Influenza vaccination among aviation employees is a critical preventive measure to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases. Using the framework of the Health Belief Model, this study aimed to explore the predictors of the intention to receive influenza vaccination among aviation employees.This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 260 participants were recruited from the employees of a Taiwanese airline company, including pilots, flight attendants, maintenance engineers, and ground operation staffs. Data were collected using purposive sampling through an online questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the predictors of influenza vaccination intention.Among the participants, 45% had received an influenza vaccination within the past year. Regression analysis showed that individuals with previous vaccination experience, as well as those with higher self-efficacy regarding influenza vaccination, showed a stronger intention to receive the vaccine, compared to their counterparts. Additionally, cues to action were identified as a significant predictor of increased vaccination intention.The findings suggest that prior vaccination experience, self-efficacy, and cues to action may significantly enhance the intention to receive influenza vaccination among aviation employees. It is recommended to encourage vaccination within this population by providing educational resources to build confidence, along with reminders to enhance vaccination intentions and improve coverage.