國中生樂觀特質、社會支持、因應策略與生活適應之相關研究
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2009
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Abstract
本研究旨在探討不同背景變項的國中生在樂觀特質、社會支持、因應策略與生活適應上的差異情形，及國中生樂觀特質、社會支持、因應策略、生活適應四者間的關係。本研究採立意叢集抽樣方式，共抽取台北市、台北縣、基隆市共十二所公立、私立國中，國一、國二、國三男女學生，有效樣本合計947人。本研究以問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，使用工具包括「樂觀特質量表」、「社會支持量表」、「因應策略量表」、「中學生生活適應量表」。所得資料以單因子多變量變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析處理，研究結果如下：
一、國中生的樂觀特質、社會支持、因應策略與生活適應，因年級及性別的不同達統計上之顯著差異。
二、國中生的樂觀特質與社會支持有顯著正相關，且國中生的樂觀特質能有效預測社會支持。
三、國中生的樂觀特質與因應策略有顯著相關，且國中生的樂觀特質能有效預測因應策略。
四、國中生的社會支持與因應策略有顯著相關，且國中生的社會支持能有效預測因應策略。
五、國中生的樂觀特質、社會支持、因應策略與生活適應有顯著相關，且國中生的樂觀特質、社會支持、因應策略能有效預測生活適應情形，其中又以面對問題焦點因應的預測力最高。
最後研究者依據本研究結果加以討論，並提出具體建議以作為國中生輔導工作及未來研究參考。
The purposes of this research were to explore the relationships between junior high school students’ optimistic speciality, social support, coping strategies, and life adjustment; and the differences between junior high school students’ gender and grade differences in these four variables. The subjects of this research were 947 junior high school students in Taipei area. The instruments used in this research included: optimistic speciality scale, social support scale, coping strategies scale, and life adjustment scale. And, the statistical methods used in this research included: one-way MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings were as follow: 1. Junior high school students’ optimistic speciality, social support, coping strategies, and life adjustment were significantly different depending on different genders and grades. 2. The junior high school students’ optimistic speciality was positively related to their social support. And, optimistic speciality can be used to predict social support. 3. The junior high school students’ optimistic speciality was related to their coping strategies. And, optimistic speciality can be used to predict coping strategies. 4. The junior high school students’ social support was related to their coping strategies. And, social support can be used to predict coping strategies. 5. The junior high school students’ optimistic speciality, social support, coping strategies were related to their life adjustment .And, optimistic speciality, social support, and coping strategies were significantly in predicting life adjustment. In addition, face-problem coping way was the most dominant factor in predicting life adjustment. Finally, based on the findings, suggestions for guidance, parenting education and future research were provided.
The purposes of this research were to explore the relationships between junior high school students’ optimistic speciality, social support, coping strategies, and life adjustment; and the differences between junior high school students’ gender and grade differences in these four variables. The subjects of this research were 947 junior high school students in Taipei area. The instruments used in this research included: optimistic speciality scale, social support scale, coping strategies scale, and life adjustment scale. And, the statistical methods used in this research included: one-way MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings were as follow: 1. Junior high school students’ optimistic speciality, social support, coping strategies, and life adjustment were significantly different depending on different genders and grades. 2. The junior high school students’ optimistic speciality was positively related to their social support. And, optimistic speciality can be used to predict social support. 3. The junior high school students’ optimistic speciality was related to their coping strategies. And, optimistic speciality can be used to predict coping strategies. 4. The junior high school students’ social support was related to their coping strategies. And, social support can be used to predict coping strategies. 5. The junior high school students’ optimistic speciality, social support, coping strategies were related to their life adjustment .And, optimistic speciality, social support, and coping strategies were significantly in predicting life adjustment. In addition, face-problem coping way was the most dominant factor in predicting life adjustment. Finally, based on the findings, suggestions for guidance, parenting education and future research were provided.
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樂觀特質, 社會支持, 因應策略, 生活適應, optimistic speciality, social support, coping strategies, life adjustment