青年國際志工基本需求滿足與動機自我調節之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在以自我決定理論探討青年國際志工基本需求滿足與動機自我調節之現況與相關影響因素，為達上述研究目的，本研究採問卷調查法，參酌相關文獻後編製成「青年國際志工動機影響因素調查問卷」作為研究工具。以2005至2009年曾透過學校社團或非營利組織至海外服務之18~30歲青年為研究母群體，採立意取樣的方式透過紙本與網路進行調查，共計回收339份，剔除無效問卷13份，總計有效問卷為326份，有效問卷回收率為96.17%。本研究結果以描述統計(descriptive statistics)、MANOVA以及Pearson積差相關等統計方法。 綜合文獻探討及調查結果發現，獲得以下八項結論： 一、青年國際志工基本需求達「高度」滿足，其中關係感滿足為最高。 二、不同年齡、服務年度、參與團體之青年國際志工，於需求滿足上有顯著差異。 三、青年國際志工動機自我調節類型多數偏向內在調節。 四、不同性別、年齡、在學狀況、參與團體、服務天數之青年國際志工，於動機自我調節上有顯著差異。 五、青年國際志工之關係感於基本需求滿足及內在動機扮演重要角色。 六、青年參與國際志工自主動機越高，越不會出現無動機的情形。 七、青年國際志工若自主感、勝任感、關係感滿足程度越高，則動機自我決定程度也越高。 八、本研究結果與自我決定理論部分符合。 研究者依據本研究所獲得的結論向欲參與海外服務之青年、志工管理單位以及後續研究者提出相關建議，以供參考。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the need satisfaction and motivation self-regulation of international youth volunteers. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the method adopted by questionnaire survey. Based on the result of the literature review, the questionnaire, “The Investigation of Factors Affecting International Youth Volunteers’ Motivation” was developed. There were 326 international youth volunteers ages 18-30 who had serviced overseas either through school clubs or non-profit organizations. Purposive sampling was used for data collection via paper and online questionnaires. A total of 339 questionnaires were returned, including 13 invalid questionnaires and 326 valid questionnaires. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, MANOVA and Pearson product-momentcorrelation. According to survey results, the findings of this study were as follows, 1.The need satisfaction of international youth volunteers reached high degrees, in which the relatedness satisfaction was the highest. 2.There were significant differences in needs satisfaction, due to the diversity of international youth volunteers’ age, service year and group. 3.Most international youth volunteers’ motivation self-regulation intended to intrinsic regulation. 4.There were significant differences in motivation self-regulation due to the diversity of international youth volunteers’ gender, age, occupation (in school or not), group and length of service time. 5.The relatedness satisfaction of international youth volunteers played an important role in need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. 6.The youth international volunteers’ autonomous motivation was negatively correlated with their amotivation. 7.The higher the degree of international youth volunteers’ sense of autonomy, sense of competence and relatedness satisfaction was, the higher their motivation self-determination was. 8.The study results were partly consistent with self-determination theory. On the basis of the study conclusions, the researcher offered some suggestions to potential international youth volunteers, the department of international youth volunteers management, and further researchers for reference.