臺北市政府公教員工退休互助制度之研究-以政策終結為觀點

Abstract

本文之目的為從事「臺北市政府公教員工退休互助制度」之研究，探討的方法係採政策終結理論與文獻及內容分析法，筆者在整理過去關於政策終結的文獻時，發現組織、政策的終結往往有其一套理論背景，根據這些看法將使一般人瞭解終結何以發生，何以會有障礙出現，以及有那些方法可供運用等，換句話說，政策終結之目的主要在觀察決策者如何運用策略來互動，蓋政策終結並非在研究各方角力的結果，而是把焦點放在它的過程。 筆者發現學者們喜好輔以個案探討政策終結，基此，本文乃引介「臺北市政府公教員工退休互助制度」，作為國內本土性的研究案例，藉由瞭解臺北市政府公教員工退休互助制度的發展與功能、承辦機關面臨的問題，以及臺北市政府如何從事改革行動，建議終結的時機和採納較優方案，以資用來印證政策終結理論的可行性。 最後，筆者亦發現政策終結的成敗是在於政治氣氛及時機的運用，因此本文主張決策者考慮政策終結實施時應注意的重點，例如，必須掌握環境變化，選擇有利於終結的契機，重視互動的策略而不是計劃的擬定，不要拘泥於直線式的思考邏輯和僵化作法，應消弭反終結聯盟的心理抗拒，找到動員支持的方法，並藉機建構一個有共識的願景及雙贏的局面，如此一來終結的勝利果實，垂手可得。

The objective of this dissertation is to conduct a research study on the mutual aid retirement system of civil servants of the Taipei City Government by adopting the theories on policy termination, researching the relevant literature and using content analysis as the primary research methods. In my previous experiences in organizing and sorting through past literature on policy termination, I have come to the realization that the termination of organizations and policies usually had a set of theoretical backgrounds that could account for what took place. By examining these views, even ordinary people unfamiliar with technical knowledge would be able to understand the causes for such terminations, factors that led to obstacles and the solutions that could have been taken in response. In other words, the most fundamental goal of policy termination is to observe how decision makers manipulated strategies in their interactions, and we can thus safely assume that the study of policy termination is not about the results of contests of strength between various parties; instead, we should be focusing on the processes that led to what came to be. I have found that scholars prefer to use case studiesto illustrate their points in the discussion of policy termination. Therefore, the mutual aid retirement system of the civil servants of the Taipei City Government has been selected in this dissertation as the subject of the case study on a domestic agency. By learning about various facts regarding the mutual aid retirement system of these civil servants, such as the system’s development and its functions, the difficulties faced by the governing authorities, how the Taipei City Government engaged in reformative actions, and the occasions where it recommended for termination and accepted better solutions, we can use these facts to determine the feasibility of the policy termination theory. Lastly, it is also discovered that the success and failure of policy termination rest upon the political atmosphere and the manipulation of chance moments. Therefore, in this dissertation, it is suggested that decision makers should pay attention to a number of key points when they consider implementing policy termination, such as their grasp of the changes of environment, the choice of junctures that would be beneficial to policy termination and their emphasis on interactive strategy instead of dwelling on the drafting of plans or limiting themselves in a straightforward trend of thought and rigid ways. Decision makers should work to eliminate the mental resistance in the anti policy termination alliance camp and look for ways to rally support to create a vision of consensus and a win-win situation to ensure victories in the efforts for policy termination.