應用計畫行為理論探究觀靈之行為意圖:以道教正一劉厝派為例

Abstract

道教門派繁盛，道藏經典非凡，伏藏亦甚。法教多歷代口教傳承、手寫科儀底本。教法源流分脈互融而昌旺。盡顯派別法脈特質。其信仰過程中，人們恆常希冀修行和祭祀來祈得神仙的保祐和幫助。觀靈術，神秘而又難以接近。與觀落陰層次架構不同。正一劉厝派的觀靈術，是以靈境為起始。所以簡稱為境法。在境法架構下的觀靈術，是不進地府的。觀靈狀態，無遠弗屆，瞬間即至。在虔誠的觀靈術儀式中產生強烈的心靈感應、超乎常理的暗示感受。不只道法玄學面向，而是專注觀想當時靈境裡不斷變化的萬千瞬息，亦然是美學與哲學的延伸。参加觀靈可親身體驗，直接感受宗教所帶來的精神和情感上的效果。這種自身體驗可以包括內在的心靈感受、產生敬畏和感恩、宗教療癒以及與神明或靈性力量的共鳴。本研究採取個人問卷調查方法，目的在應用計畫行為理論，幫助了解分析民眾為何來觀靈。研究結果發現：觀靈態度、觀靈主觀常模、觀靈知覺行為控制，是為來觀靈行為意圖的正向關鍵。而觀靈行為意圖有極高程度影響觀靈行為。又經調節分析後，得知無須區分年齡老少、教育程度高低、觀靈次數有無。觀靈行為實全然適合普羅大眾參與的活動。期望本研究結果可為相關人員提供參考，了解其行為特性，以擴增來觀靈的意願，並制定適性有效方案。Taoist sects flourish, and their canon of scriptures is extraordinary, with many hidden texts. The teachings have been passed down orally through generations and transcribed by hand in ritual manuals. The streams of teachings intermingle and thrive, fully displaying the uniqu characteristics of each sect’s lineage. In the process of faith, people constantly hope to gain the protection and assistance of immortals through cultivation and ritual offerings.The Observing Spirituality is mysterious and elusive, different from the practice of Guan Luo Yin. The Observing Spirituality technique of the Zhengyi Liucuo Sect starts with the spiritual realm, hence it is briefly referred to as Jing Fa. Under the framework of Jing Fa, the practice does not involve entering the netherworld. In the context of the spirit observation state,No distance is too far, instantly arrived. During the devout rituals of Observing Spirituality, intense spiritual resonance and extraordinary suggestive perceptions occur. It’s not just about the mystical aspects of Taoist teachings but focuses on the contemplation of the ever-changing moments within the spiritual realm at that time, which is also an extension of aesthetics and philosophy Participating in Observing Spirituality allows one to experience firsthand the spiritual and emotional effects brought about by religion. This personal experience can include inner spiritual feelings, generating awe and gratitude, religious healing, and resonance with deities or spiritual forces.This study employs a personal questionnaire survey method with the aim of applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to understand and analyze why people engage in Observing Spirituality. The findings reveal that attitudes towards Observing Spirituality, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are positive key factors influencing the intention to engage in Observing Spirituality. Moreover, the intention to engage in Observing Spirituality has a significant impact on the actual behavior. Through moderation analysis, it was found that there is no need to distinguish between different ages, levels of education, or frequency of engagement. Observing Spirituality is entirely suitable as an activity for the general public. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide relevant personnel with a reference to understand the behavioral characteristics, thereby increasing the willingness to engage in Observing Spirituality and formulating effective strategies.