漢語語氣副詞引導碼探析

Abstract

引導碼為從心理認知角度討論語言語義及語用表現的概念，和概念碼對立，是一種跳脫傳統以話語真值條件為分析媒介的研究嘗試，概念碼編碼概念，引導碼則處理概念內容並選擇處理概念的方式。 引導碼在漢語的研究不多，經過我們對Blakemore（1987, 2002）、Ifantidou-Trouki（1993）、Carston（2002）以及Iten（2005）等分析的整理，發現引導碼普遍出現於連詞及評價副詞中，具備引導聽者找到話語隱含及高層明說義的功能，評價副詞在漢語裡被納入語氣討論，而這個發現讓我們有了重新審視漢語語氣副詞研究的動機，以往學者對語氣的討論總在語氣編碼的框架中，忽略了語氣的引導功能。 本文以語義及語用學的理論架構為基礎，針對漢語語氣副詞重新進行分類，並進一步探討語氣的引導功能，和關聯理論配合，觀察其引導方式對語境假設的影響，最後再將此研究成果應用於華語教學中。 本研究共分為六章，第一章為導論，說明研究動機、研究範圍以及內容架構之說明。第二章為文獻探討，將歷年學者對漢語語氣的研究進行整理，討論以往語態、命題及情態等在漢語語氣分析中所扮演的角色。第三章則根據第二章的討論對語氣副詞進行分類，並進一步建構語氣於引導意義層面的理論概念。第四章為語氣的引導內涵分析，根據作用層面的不同分為隱含引導及高層明說義引導，並進行個別引導意義的比較與討論。第五章以第四章所建立的架構為基礎，配合認知學習理論，針對語氣副詞引導意義的教學給予建議。第六章為結論，總結本文的研究結果，提出後續研究的建議與省思。

When, in the field of utterance interpretation, the psychologically adequate account of the role of the context is being studied, two complemental concepts can be applied: procedural and conceptual encoding. Conceptual encoding studies concepts, whereas procedural encoding focuses on the manipulation of representations. In this study, the latter method – procedural encoding – has been applied. Analysis of procedural encoding in Chinese being comparatively uncommon, following up the related discussion of Blakemore (1987, 2002), Ifantidou-Trouki (1993), Carston (2002) and Iten (2005), we found that many conjunctions and attitudinal adverbials have procedural meaning. These expressions help the addressee to infer the implicature and higher-level explicature of an utterance. In Chinese, attitudinal adverbials are classified under the category of stance adverbs. These adverbials have rarely been studied from the perspective of procedural meaning. In this study, we try to apply the theory of semantics and pragmatics on the Chinese stance adverbs. We also use the Relevance theory to analyze the procedural meaning of Chinese stance adverbs, as well as discuss the role these adverbs play in the contextual assumption part of communication. Finally, we have hopes of suggesting a cognitive based learning sequence for Chinese L2 learners.