結合傳世與出土文獻以探究二戴《禮記》「哀公問」相關篇章之形成與流傳─兼論儒家政治思想之發展

Abstract

計畫名稱：結合傳世與出土文獻以探究二戴《禮記》「哀公問」相關篇章之形成與流傳 ----兼論儒家政治思想之發展 孔子最後由衛歸魯的短短幾年，其言論思想為晚年之圓熟思想，直接影響中國後代 之政治思想，可惜相關文獻多被疑為漢儒偽作，而罕有人探究；尤其是「孔子三朝記」， 更乏人問津。然而自出土文獻的陸續出現，不但已經展露孔子在《論語》外的不同面貌， 直接豐富孔子思想的多元形象，促成必須重新思考二戴《禮記》之形成與流傳等問題， 同時也應檢討《孔子家語》以及《孔叢子》之「偽書」問題。 本研究計畫，乃延續中研院「儒家經典之形成」整合型計畫，對於〈坊記〉等四篇 之形成與流傳而來，希望能繼續再就〈經解〉以下四篇及其相關篇章，並擴大範圍至《大 戴禮記》〈千乘〉等七篇有關「孔子三朝記」之更多內容，陸續探究二戴《禮記》的形 成與流傳問題。本研究將結合與「哀公問」相關之傳世文獻與出土文獻，包含經史資料， 及先秦諸子、戰國不同學派紀錄，以至於西漢儒者之重要著錄等文獻，還有郭店簡之政 治思想，上博簡中孔子與執政人物之具體論政資料，作整合性之研究。研究之重點，主 要根據各文獻對於「哀公問」的「一事多記」之差異現象，梳理出此一系列文獻形成與 流傳之脈絡，進而從思想發展之角度，嘗試推論儒家政治思想發展之情形。 本研究共分四年進行：第一年，探究二戴《禮記》中，明白標示有關「哀公問」之 篇章的形成與流傳情形，及《孔子家語》等不受後代重視之原因。第二年，擴大範圍至 「哀公問」諸多相關篇章之形成與流傳，並論及該現象與孔子傳經派弟子以及荀子學派 之關係。第三年，探究《大戴禮記》「孔子三朝記」中前四篇之形成與流傳，並論及該 現象與《禮記》、《周禮》、《尚書》、《荀子》、《孔子家語》、《孔叢子》之關係。第四年， 依上例探究《大戴禮記》「孔子三朝記」後半之形成與流傳，並從孔門後學之分流與傳 播之角度，探討明白標示「哀公問」之內容與「孔子三朝記」差異極大，攸關儒家政治 思想之發展問題，也嘗試推測《大戴禮記》散失極多之原因。

Combine the Traditional and Unearthed Literatures to Inquire Into the Formation and Spread About ‘Aygoung Questions and Confucius Answers’ Articles at Two Dai Lige(Ritual Scriptures)---Concurrently discusses the development of Confucian political thinking The political thought of Confucius becomes deeply and skillfully after his final coming from Wei. This political thought directly affects of the descendant Chinese political thinking. It is a pity that so many the correlative literatures have been doubted for a long time, and person rarely pays attention in this articles thoroughly, specially in ‘the record about Confucius visits the Aygoung three times’ (孔子三朝記). When the unearthed literatures announce one after another, not only already rich multi-dimensional image about Confucius, facilitated must ponder in the process of how to form and circulate the contexts about the two Dai Lige(Ritual Scriptures), simultaneously also should examine “the false book” the question about the “Confucius Family Language” (孔子 家語)as well as “Comchumzi” (孔叢子). This research is extensive from the conformity plan of “formation the Confucianist classics”. This research hopes to continue acquiring into the process of how to form and circulate the contexts about the political articles that ‘Aygoung Questions and Confucius Answers’ and ‘the record about Confucius visits the Aygoung three times’ at Two Dai Lige(Ritual Scriptures). This research will unify the traditional and the unearthed literatures to explore. The materials of this research will contain the history material, pre-qin pre-Qin thinkers, Warring States different schools of thought record, Western Han Dynasty Confucian scholar literature and so on important description, but also include the political thinking in Guodian Chu slips. The key point of this research, mainly according to various literatures, that regards the different phenomenon to deduce the development of Confucian political thinking. This research will divide for four years to carry on: The first year, inquired into ‘Aygoung Questions and Confucius Answers’ at the two Dai Lige(Ritual Scriptures). The second year, inquires into the correlative articles beyond the materials of last year, which concerns this phenomenon about the disciple of Confucius and the relationship with Xun Zi schools. The third year, inquired into the process of how to form and circulate the contexts about the first half at ‘the record about Confucius visits the Aygoung three times’ in “Big Dai Lige”, and concerns this phenomenon with many traditional literatures. The fourth year, according to the example of last year, inquires into the last half of ‘the record about Confucius visits the Aygoung three times’. Base on the divergence and dissemination of the Confucianists later student, the indication about ‘Aygoung Questions and Confucius Answers’ is very different from ‘the record about Confucius visits the Aygoung three times’. This difference will relatively affect the development of Confucian political thinking. Finally, also attempts to discuss the reason why "Big Dai Li Records" has disappeared so many articles.