從女志工服務經驗探究「關懷倫理」之公民道德價值

Abstract

在公民道德領域「正義倫理」一向被奉為主流，「關懷倫理」則因其為女性經驗產物而被批評不具公民德的充分性，國內外文獻在此議題上爭論不休，目前國外在這方面已有豐富的實證研究成果，國內尚無針對「關懷倫理」的公民德價值所的實徵研究。本研究目的在透過深入訪談，收集女志工的社會服經驗資料以質性方法探究「關懷倫理」在女志工服務動動與目的、服務所遭遇的道德衝突與提擇、服務的困難與持、服 對其個人及社會帶來的改變與影響中所扮演的角色，希望了解當前社會女志工對禱的公共事務與公民道德體的現況，及影響女志工「關懷倫理」道德思考發對變化的社會文化因心。本研究之重要發現有(1)「關懷思考」為本研究所有受訪女志工所普遍採用，顯示「關懷」情意在激發女性公民社會對動和行動力方面的關鍵角色。(2)女志工普遍的道德衝突核心為「自私」與「責任」，「關係」與「自我犧性」，反映「關懷倫理」理論中女性道德判斷模式之特性。(3)女志工堅持服務之信念來自「作一個關懷者的個人形象」與建立關懷社會之「道德理想」，符合關懷哲學之論述。(4)女工偏愛之服組織呈現「社群主義」特性，重視「生命共同體」的「群我」關係及「共享」價值。(5)女志工的關懷公民德行提供建立適合臺灣社會所需之「公民資質」典範。本研究結果希望可提供「關懷倫理」在政治、社會各方面的公共運用事實資料，並可印證「關懷倫理」之哲學及相關理論，期有助於肯定「關懷倫理」之公民道德價值。

In the field of civic virtue, while “ethics of justice” has always been highly valued as a mainstream, “ethics of care” has been judged as being devoid of adequacy for civic virtue simply because it is the product of feminine experience. This issue has been a highly controversial topic in literature home and abroad. Presently, although abundant results from empirical studies have been produced in this regard overseas, there is yet an empirical study aiming at exploring the value of “ethics of care” in civic virtue in our country. Through collecting data on female volunteers’ social service experience by means of in-depth interviews, this study, using the qualitative research method, aims to explore the roles of “ethics of care” in the motivation and objective of female volunteers’ service, the moral conflict and choice encountered in their service, the difficulties and persistence experienced in their service, and the change or influence brought about by their service to themselves as well as to the society, in the hope of gaining some idea of the current status of female volunteers’ participation in social public affairs and the realization of civic virtue, as well as the social and cultural factors that influence the development and change of female volunteers’ moral thinking in “ethics of care”. The key findings of this study include: (1) “caring thinking” is commonly adopted by all interviewed female volunteers, indicating that caring sentiment plays a key role in stimulating the motivation and action of female civic and social participation; (2) the core moral conflicts encountered by female volunteers are mostly “selfishness” versus “responsibility” and “caring” versus “self-sacrifice”, reflecting the dilemma faced with by female volunteers who have to look after both the “public” and “private” realms and the unfair situation female volunteers are facing in their “private realm”; (3) the persistence of female volunteers with their service belief comes from the