應用健康信念模式預測民用航空產業員工預防COVID-19行為之研究

Abstract

2019 年COVID-19的出現，航空運輸被認為是「2019新型冠狀病毒」傳播的主要驅動力之一，除了航空勞動力首當其衝外，少有研究探討航空公司員工在面臨未知傳染病威脅時的影響因素。本研究應用健康信念模式探討航空產業員工COVID-19預防行為、創傷後壓力症候群現況及相關的影響因素，以便利抽樣方式進行網路及紙本問卷調查，回收有效問卷共計583 份。對於COVID-19知識在性別、職務、工作前須檢測上呈現顯著。獨立樣本t檢定、ANOVA結果顯示在對COVID-19預防行為上不會因為研究對象的社會人口學變項而有所差異。皮爾森積差相關分析指出，研究對象的預防行為與自覺嚴重性、自覺利益性、行動線索以及自我效能呈正相關，其中以自我效能 ( p<.001) 最具相關。創傷後壓力症候群在健康信念上與自覺嚴重性及自覺障礙性呈正相關、與自覺利益性、行動線索、預防行為等則呈現負相關。以預防行為作為依變項，透過線性迴歸分析，可以解釋的變異量為59.5%（R2= 0.595），且變異數分析達統計顯著。在社會人口學變項中性別、年齡、婚姻狀態、及健康信念模式、行動線索對預防行為有顯著影響，其中以行動線索、自覺利益性影響力最大。總體而言，這些結果表明，儘管存在差異，但預防行為的執行率非常高，同時創傷後壓力症候群的結果也顯示心理健康有受到影響。

With the emergence of COVID-19 in 2019, air transportation is one of the main drivers of the spread of the"2019 Novel Coronavirus". The aviation industry has been greatly affected. However, few studies have explored the influencing factors of aviation industry employees in the face of unknown infectious disease threats. This study applies the Health Belief Model to investigate COVID-19 prevention behavior, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the pandemic, and related influencing factors among employees in the aviation industry. The research employed a convenience sampling method to conduct both online and paper-based questionnaire surveys, with a total of 583 valid questionnaires collected. The analysis revealed that the knowledge of COVID-19 was significantly associated with gender, position, and pre-job testing. However, no differences in the prevention behavior of COVID-19 were observed due to the sociodemographic variables of the research subjects, as indicated by the independent sample t-test and ANOVA results. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the research subjects' preventive behavior and their perceived severity, perceived benefits, action cues, and self-efficacy. Notably, self-efficacy showed the strongest correlation (p < .001). Regarding Health Belief Model, post-traumatic stress syndrome displayed positive correlations with perceived severity and perceived barriers, while exhibiting negative correlations with perceived benefits, action cues, and preventive behaviors. To ascertain the predictive factors of preventive behavior, linear regression analysis was performed with preventive behavior as the dependent variable. The results indicated that 59.5% of the variation could be explained (R2 = 0.595), and the variance analysis was statistically significant. The results of this study also showed that gender, age, marital status, Health Belief Model, and action cues could effectively predict preventive behavior.In conclusion, the research demonstrated that despite no significant differences in preventive behaviors based on sociodemographic variables, overall implementation of preventive measures was remarkably high. However, the study also revealed that post-traumatic stress disorder had a notable impact on mental health.