大型節慶與文化再生：以2013歐洲文化之都—馬賽為例

Abstract

此文旨在探討城市如何以大型節慶進行都市之文化再生，用以改造城市的老舊形象，也帶動地方發展與凝聚社群意識。相較於文化場館，舉辦大型節慶的成本較低，耗費較少的時間與金錢，是許多城市用來吸引投資與發展觀光的利器，藉此達到經濟復甦的效果。然而，只將經濟奉為圭臬的文化規劃容易耗損地方發展的永續性，使得政策走向與在地文化漸行漸遠。本文先從都市再生的基本概念和歐洲文化之都的發展歷史脈絡作介紹，提供本研究方向的脈絡。再以Smith（2004）提出的都市文化再生四大要素：在地及多元文化的考量、在地關係人的參與和授權、日常生活實務的強調、創意和體驗的手法作深度的評論與分析。 研究方法以2013年歐洲文化之都：馬賽為個案研究對象，透過文獻分析與田野調查等方式，探究文化規劃者與在地社群供需雙方的觀點與感受，並歸納和整理出兩者呼應與衝突之處。最後，本研究會將研究發現與文化再生架構之內涵相互檢驗，並給予個案適切之建議與結論。This dissertation aims at discussing how events in cities are being used to develop cultural regeneration, then to strengthen the local development and social cohesion of the local community. Compared with cultural infrastructure, holding events take less time and cost less money, and it can attract investment and promote tourism effectively. However, strategies prioritize the economy and tourism rather than the need of local residents will lead to the redefinition and even the eradication of local cultures. This research begins with the concept of urban regeneration and European Capitals of Cultures (ECOC) in order to elaborate on their roles in the dissertation. The methodology is followed by discussion of Smith’s model of four elements determinants of cultural regeneration: consideration of local and diverse culture, local participation and authorization, emphasis on the needs and perspective of local, the creative and experiential strategy. This dissertation looks at the case of the French city of Marseille as the host of the ECOC in 2013 in order to analyze the effect of cultural regeneration driven by events. Through literature analysis and field work, the planner’s and residents’ point of view can be explored. Finally, the cultural planning of 2013 Marseille is examined by the content of cultural regeneration; Thereupon the research provides some suggestions for Marseille’s and also for Taiwanese cultural event governance in the future by referring to foreign operating experience.