不同壓力下推桿表現及腦血流之影響：近紅外光頻譜研究

Abstract

過去研究發現在壓力下前額葉活化的抑制造成較差的運動表現，有研究者建議可以透過神經科學的儀器來探究其機制，故本研究旨在應用功能性近紅外光譜（fNIRS）來研究壓力對前額葉腦區血液動力學的影響。本研究招募了27名高爾夫球選手在虛擬實境中透過觀眾噪音、獎勵激勵和任務困難引起壓力，分別進行三情境（控制情境、低壓情境、高壓情境）共90桿的推桿任務，同時記錄運動表現、前額葉含氧血紅素以及主觀量表。我們發現，與控制情境相比，在高壓情境下，推桿表現較差（F= 7.672，p = .001），前額葉皮質的平均含氧血紅素（F = 2.87，p = .047）以及視覺類比量表（VAS）放鬆程度顯著降低（F = 3.23，p = .049），而競賽狀態焦慮量表之身體焦慮顯著提升（F = 8.15，p = .002）。這些結果表明，血液動力學反應的降低可能是受到負面情緒的影響。在虛擬實境模擬下，在壓力情境發現前額葉皮質活化的血液動力學反應，進一步為在fNIRS領域探索與壓力相關的神經策略提供了證據，然而因壓力改變注意力相關的認知歷程仍待進一步釐清。Previous research has found that inhibition of the prefrontal cortex activation impairs athletic performance under pressure. Some researchers suggest that employing neuroscience approach can provide insights for its potential mechanisms. As such, this study aimed to apply Functional near-infrared spectroscopy（fNIRS）to examine the impact of stress on prefrontal cortex hemodynamics. Twenty-seven experienced golfers performed a 90 trials of putting task while performance, oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations and subjective questionnaire was measured under three conditions with various level of stress（i.e., control condition, low pressure condition and high pressure condition) in a virtual reality（VR）environment. Stress was induced by audience noise, award incentive, and task difficulty. Compare to control condition, the results revealed that the performance is the worst in high stress condition（F= 7.672，p = .001）. Also, the averaged HbO of prefrontal cortex（F = 2.87，p = .047） and relaxation（F = 3.23，p = .049） in VAS significantly decreased. While somatic anxiety（F = 8.15，p = .002）in CSAI-2 significantly increased. These results suggest that the decreased hemodynamic response might due to negative emotion. Under the VR manipulation, hemodynamic response in averaged PFC activity were found during the pressure condition. This provides further evidence for the exploration of stress-related neural strategies in the fNIRS field. Nevertheless, the cognitive processes related to changes in attention due to stress still need further clarification.